月份：2012年7月

solar street light manufacturers and high power led

2010 the global LED production value (about ten billion U.S. dollars) to recover almost nearly the TSMC year sales. Many of the large companies will jump into this light sea. The mainland’s foregone layout so that in 2012 the traditional LED battle (Armageddon), and the final victory will be China. China has not only mastered the market, the layout of almost one thousand MOCVD machine the sea, so you can seize the LED lights, in the downstream industries.

solar street light manufacturers and high power led

The vertical LED production necessary for the soldering of the GaN semiconductor substrate of low inflation, but the chosen low expansion material (such as silicon or GuW of) its poor heat dissipation, thermal expansion of the high thermal conductivity material is much larger than GaN (about 5.5 ppm / mK), the LED experts can not find the ideal convergence materials. This DLC for the interface of diamond and copper composite (diamond heat sink) for the substrate produced the world’s most advanced perpendicular to the LED. This will allow Taiwan’s LED industry to leapfrog ahead of foreign leading companies (such as Nichia, Osram, Lumiled) have taken advantage of to get rid of the patent blockade of Europe, the United States, Japan, Taiwan.

2010 LED tube is used extensively for indoor lighting, outdoor lights and TV backlight. The common incandescent indoor lighting (Incandescent Lamp) and fluorescent (Fluorescent Lamp) is caused by the LCD backlight cold cathode tube (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp) is rapidly be eliminated.

Mainstream LED white lighting, most of the white light are presented in the blue light LED excitation yellow phosphors to generate pseudo-white. The bulk production of the LED are based on a sapphire substrate epitaxial epitaxy growth of GaN LED chip. Growth for the MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition MOCVD). Taiwan has a maximum of MOCVD equipment, first in the country for the World LED die production. But the mainland has to catch up, and even provide the incentives of each the MOCVD grant ten million yuan.

Taiwan, although manufacturing Kingdom for the LED, but like the rest of the foundry industry, LED patent subject to the foreign companies, and each year have to pay large sums of royalties. Money and manufacturing in Taiwan for a foreign boss to make money, but now the production of LED technology has a large number of the relocation of the mainland, which is Taiwan’s LED foundry ecology of sorrow.

Several predicament of the Chinese lighting industry marketing

After years of rapid development of China’s lighting(led lights) market, it also face the dilemma of transformation. How to maintain rapid and stable growth was placed in front of the enterprises.

Several predicament of the Chinese lighting industry marketing

product dilemma

Symptoms: the division of lighting products is very extensive, including a number of professional books and also from the production point of view. It did not divide according to the market point of view. Most businesses can not plan out a clear line of products that can not support the brand image. The more business stay in the product competition stage.

Price dilemma

Symptions: dealer are sensitive to high price. Manufacturers desperately to keep the prices down while retail prices remain high, affecting sales. The profits margins of the lighting industry business is mainly concentrated in the hands of delaers.

Channels dilemma

Symptoms: no loyal dealers. Manufacturers do not know which dealers at what time to purchase.

Terminal dilemma

Symptoms: the sale terminals lies in the hands of dealers, and dealers almost all concentrated in the lighting market. Store image ca not be guaranteed.

Strategic dilemma

Symptoms: lighting industry companies do not understand the external environment, especially the state of competition in every lighting manufacturers. When they see any one of the lighting product sells well, they will immediately put into production, in total disregard of the company’s existing product positioning and consumer group orientation, playing the short-term to mention the sales, without considering the long-term business development planning. However,  it did not, closed, short-term, operating results which are often rapid development of the lighting. There is no obvious business lines, and thus fall into the low level of vicious competition cycle and result in a huge wastes.

R & D dilemma

Symptoms: Lighting R & D personnel, in fact, is the stylists. But one of the important task of the designer is “plagiarism”, the owner must look at the designer’s face, and even so the designers are often living on someone while helping others secretly.

Service dilemma

Symptoms: some local market dealer have no after-sales service, no commitment to delivery, installation, commissioning, maintenance, cleaning, lighting engineering design and guidance and no commitment to return. Because manufacturers do not return, causing dealers to reduce the amount of purchase, arrears of payment of manufacturers quality reasons. Manufacturers sink into the predicament of the after-sales service.

New lighting sources: AC-LED technology?

At present, almost every electronic appliance (without batteries) in world needs to work under AC. And also we electricity networks around us also provide alternating current, such like household electricity, industrial and commercial electricity. When DC-applying LED lighting products start to emerge on the market, problems came forward too. Every LED lamps should be used together with transformers. Since LED chips are very sensitive to voltage variations, ordinary transformers are not competent. LED manufactures have to design special transformers typically used for LED lighting products, for example high-frequency electronic transformers.

At present, almost every electronic appliance (without batteries) in world needs to work under AC.

In practices, AC-DC conversion devices came up with other problems: 1. During the process of AC-DC conversion, nearly 15%-30% electricity will be transferred into heat energy and completely wasted. That is contrary to the LED lights high lighting efficiency and energy saving concepts. 2. In most cases, designing and producing a suitable transformer will cost manufacturer a lot of money. It also increases the cost of LED lamps virtually. 3. Electronic components within AC-DC conversion devices have a relatively short service life. This makes LED drives (AC-DC conversion device embedded) became the most fragile parts of the entire LED lamps. 4. Under DC voltage, LED lamps maintained in a constant-working state. This is rather harmful internal electronic components, causing huge working temperatures, and consequently the light attenuation of LED chips.

 

In order to solve the above problems, some LED producers put forward a new concept – AC-LED technology. Literally, it is a technology that can make LED lamps directly used under AC without any transformers. AC-LED technology used principles of rectification circuit. However, since AC periodically changed, visible flickers are irresistible.

 

There are now two solutions for this problem: 1. Using series circuit to improve the wave and increase the power factor simultaneously. But this will also reduce the efficiency. 2. Using parallel circuit to smooth the wave. Although flickers cannot be removed completely, filtering capacitors are able to alleviate this phenomenon.

 

SunFor has recently found a way to decrease flickers caused by AC-LED technology: using phosphor powder. Light emitted through this new developed phosphor powder will have an obvious delay under AC. After applying this phosphor powder, lamps will only present a tiny alternating between light and dark.

 

Fourth Chapter: Several major development trends in the led lighting industry of network marketing

LED lights won the reputation of the people

LED lighting industry will obviously conform to this trend. As a wide range of some large-scale lighting, some large lamps and special lighting need manufacturers to assist in installation and maintenance. If the consumer online ordering of three or four days of this shopping is certainly unpleasant. Another assume a special floor lamp bulb burned and it is very difficult to find accessories in local. At that time, If manufacturers can not quickly come to be replaced, then the customer will lose confidence to this brand.

Fourth Chapter: Several major development trends in the led lighting industry of network marketing

After-sales service also includes the return policy, online shopping is clearly better than on the personal experience of traditional shopping, so if consumers buy the lamp size or power inappropriate, then will they react mechanism rapidly? All these will determine the brand’s reputation. In the Internet age, customer service must be immediate as reputation of the Gold Cup Silver Cup as good as the people, in other words, the customers can always get answers and feedback, whether it is a hot-line, community forums, online customer service, and even micro-Bo should have a person to timely process and get feedback, and otherwise it is easy to upgrade, and even evolve into a crisis event, this propagation speed of negative information is positive information several times or even ten times.

Network Promotions = spike + interaction, interaction is the key

If the promotions on the Internet and traditional channels have no difference, then the effect will not be much, because consumers are numb to buy gifts, discounts, bundled promotions. These promotional tools are now used in the rapid consumer goods such as drinks, snacks, daily products, and for led lighting industry of small electrical appliance, it needs more interesting promotions. Lighting companies must know how to “spike” and “interaction” of these two means.

“Spike” is a kind of promotion way based on computer network, the core is “limited” and “super low”, such as a dollar net-book computer and a dollar rice cooker and so on. In order to gather popularity, and improve brand in the network attention. Internet marketing expert Liu Dongming said that the lighting business is very promising in this regards, such as designing a cool small table lamp, and planning the activities of a “spike” in the led tubes shop.

solar street light pole and cob led

LED lights package is based on chip, by the by wire bonding, eutectic or flip chip packaging technology with its heat the substrate Submount (sub-mount technology) link from the LED chip, and then chip on the system board to link into the light source mode group.

solar street light pole and cob led

At present, LED packaging methods can be broadly divided into the lens type (Lens-type) and the reflector cup (Reflector-type), the molding of which the lens can be molded (Molding) or lens bonding forming; in Figure 1 (a) the said reflector chip molding rubber mixing, dispensing, packaging; shown in Figure 1 (b) below. Epitaxy, solid crystal and the package design in recent years to mature, the size and structure of the LED chip miniaturization every year, 1 ~ 3W high-power single-chip power up, even more than 3W LED chips LED power rising download version and cooling of the system circuit board and heat requirements is becoming increasingly harsh.
Given the comprehensive consideration of the insulation, pressure, heat, and heat, the ceramic substrate to become one of the important material of the chip sub-mount technology. Its technology can be divided into a thick-film technology (Thick film), LTCC technology (LTCC) and made of thin film technology (DPC). However, the thick film technology with LTCC technology using screen printing technology and high-temperature sintering process, easy to produce rough lines, are not precise, shrinking proportion against the increasingly fine line of high power LED products, or requires accurate the eutectic or the flip-chip technology, the LED products, the thick film and LTCC ceramic substrates, have gradually inadequate.

To this end, the high thermal coefficient of thin-film ceramic cooling substrate, the use of sputtering, the electrical / chemical deposition and photolithography process is made, with precision metal lines, the stability of the material system, applicable to high power, small size, high brightness LED the development trend is the solution to the eutectic / flip-chip packaging technology, the stringent requirements of the metal line resolution and accuracy of the ceramic substrate. Ai Secretary Bo electronics in addition to the production of thin-film ceramic cooling substrate, but also to comply with the different lighting needs, and another developed a thin-film ceramic COB (Chip On Board) cooling substrate. The following table is Ai Secretary Bo COB ceramic substrate solution.

When the LED chip to the ceramic as a carrier board, the bottleneck of this LED module heat transferred to the system board, the heat transmitted by the LED chip to the cooling fins and the atmosphere, with the gradual improvement of the LED chip features, materials gradually shift from FR4 to metal core printed circuit board (MCPCB), but with the demand for progress of high power LED, the thermal coefficient of the material in the MCPCB (2 ~ 4W/mk) can not be used for higher power products, ceramic circuit board (Ceramic circuit board) the needs of the increasing popularity, the following table is the analysis of the characteristics of a variety of substrate materials. To ensure that the material stability of LED products in the high-power operation of the light fades stability has become increasingly clear trend of ceramics as heat and metal wiring substrate. Ceramic materials currently cost more than MCPCB, how to use the characteristics of ceramic high-heat coefficient, saves material use area to reduce production costs, to become one of the important indicator of the ceramic LED development. Therefore, in recent years, the integration of polycrystalline ceramic materials COB design package and system lines are gradually subject to the attention of packaging and system vendors.

COB, in the electronics manufacturing industry is not a fresh, refers directly to the bare wafer adhesive in the circuit board and wire / wire soldered directly to the gold-plated line on the PCB, is also commonly known as wire (Wire bonding), through the technology of plastic closures, effective package of steps in the IC manufacturing process transferred to the circuit board assembly directly. In addition, in the LED industry, more and more stress due to modern technology products thin and high portability, directly in order to save system board space for the many LED chip design problems in the demand for high-power LED grow lights system, developed the chip sticky affixed to the system board of COB technology.

The advantages of the COB is: cost-effective, simple circuit design, system board space savings, but also the existence of the chip integrated brightness, color temperature to reconcile the threshold of the technology and systems integration. 25W of LED, for example, the traditional high-power 25W LED light source, with 25 1W LED chip package into 25 LED components and COB packaging is 25 1W LED chip is packaged in a single chip, requiring The second optical lens from the 25 reduced to one, help narrow light area, reduce the material, system cost, and thus simplify the light Department of the secondary optical design and saves assembly labor costs. In addition, high power COB packaging only a single high power LED to replace the more stars 1 watt (or more) LED packaging to promote the product volume of more compact size.

Currently on the market, production COB products still use MCPCB substrate-based, however, the MCPCB still a lot of heat and light area is too large to be solved, so the root of the problem or from the cooling material is updated to the most effective solution. Ai Secretary Bo electronic R & D and production of ceramic COB substrate has the following advantages: a thin film process, the basic line is more accurate, (2) large amount of lower cost, (3) high plasticity, can be partners of different needs to do the design.

The development of COB is to simplify the system board of a trend, practical lighting, brightness, heat, and cost control are key factors. ICP in addition to providing a variety of film cooling substrate to a single chip package to provide the independent development of thin-film line COB substrate to the users of high power use, with its more flexible option to look forward to LED lighting as soon as possible to become more popular of, make a contribution to the Earth green.

solar street light poles and led dimming

The popular media darling – Smart Grid – lighting control completely powerless. This inevitably cast doubt on the whole smart grid concept is purely a speculation bubble farce.

The vast majority of Electrical and Electronics Engineers felt the same confusion, why it comes to lighting dimmer, we still have to rely on an old components – SCR silicon control? The design of a dimming function, really so difficult?

solar street light poles and led dimming

led lights

In fact, the difficult point is the device cost and market uncertainty. If self-installation cost of the advantages and disadvantages of the silicon-controlled dimmers and dimming program to analyze a lot of confusion will be clarified.

In this paper, the existing dimming solutions for resolution. And to propose several bold prediction:
(1), the silicon-controlled dimmer into history and incandescent
(2) electronic dimmer with remote control tune optical devices market prospects
(3) EZ Dimming is the only viable universal dimming program and it will become ubiquitous dimming.

(1) lighting needs benchmarks
First, let us first understand the relationship between lighting needs basis dimming energy saving. The lighting design must consider the intensity of the light source, and the illuminated object, or according to the plane of luminous flux. The light intensity measurement unit is the lumen (Lumen). The unit of measurement of the illuminance is Lux. The relationship between the two is 1 Lux = 1 Lumen/m2
Suppose we have a 10W LED lamp, issued to the total luminous flux is 600 Lumens. 600 Lumens are all concentrated in one square meter of the desktop, that desktop illuminance is 600 Lux,
(1) Commercial lighting – bright food, especially bread, burgers, seafood, barbecue, etc. can stimulate the appetite. Bread, cake shop, fast food restaurant in Hamburg, the window of the restaurant to have more than 1000 Lux illumination. Jewelry, watches, clothing stores, must have bright illumination, and to stimulate the desire to purchase. Precision Industry, color printing, museums, galleries, optical shops, 3C stores, bookstores, typing, drawing, clinic room must have illumination of 1000 Lux.
(2) for general lighting services – offices, classrooms, discount stores, general stores, coffee shops, fast food restaurants, factories, production lines, there must be 300-800 Lux.
(3) non-workplace – such as railway stations, airports, hospitals, building lobbies, wards, corridors, stairwells, toilets, to 100-300 Lux. Parks, parking lots, and streets can be as low as 10-50 Lux.
(4) non-business hours – commercial lighting, general lighting during non-business hours can be reduced to 100-300 Lux.

Moderate lighting, we do have a significant impact on the competitiveness of the stores. Focus counters of convenience stores, department stores on the first floor, including cosmetics, jewelry, illumination of more than 2000Lux. Poor lighting, it will not attract the attention and desire to purchase. If the lighting is excessive, we will increase personnel fatigue and drowsiness. An obvious example is the Taoyuan airport entry and departure lobby, a serious shortage of illumination. Bright compared to the Hong Kong International Airport and Narita Airport, the more people feel the Taoyuan airport’s old, deserted. Only duty-free shop area stores are brightly lit.

(2) dimming energy saving led street lights

The lighting is artificial lighting, to provide adequate illumination at night or in natural low light situations. But the lighting power consumption, switching off lights when not needed can save energy. However, in some periods and circumstances, if the lights transferred to the dark level (25 ~ 50%), but also can significantly reduce energy consumption (-50% ~ -75%).
Many public buildings or places, such as airports, railway stations, docks, parking lots, streets, parks, shopping malls, schools, hospitals, ward, factories, and at night is not appropriate to all the lights turned off, or have limited mobility or security concerns.
Office building lobbies, toilets, corridors, stairwells and other places in after work to maintain a moderate lighting, can also facilitate the employees to work overtime, and to avoid the dead ends of law and order.
24-hour convenience stores, gas stations, hotels, etc., in the late-night business is lighter, the lights dimmed part to save electricity.

Existing dimming devices
Common dimmers, including silicon-controlled dimmer (the triac is dimmer) (before-cut), electronic dimmer (-cut), and remote control dimmer (infrared or RF type).
(1) electronic dimmer – you can add many advanced features. But it must be construction, change the lighting wiring (wall switch is only connected to an AC cord, and can not provide power to electronic circuits), the high cost of the device.
(2) remote control dimmer – you can add many advanced features. But the remote control is expensive, easily lost, and public occasions NA. Philips and Sharp have remote lighting dimmer products. The price is quite expensive, dimmable light bulbs cost about non-dimming light bulb twice. Remote control the other terms, usually asking price at $ 30 to $ 50. Remote control dimmer Another drawback is easily lost, especially in public places such as schools, office buildings and other places.
To make matters worse, both of which have lighting dimmer with the same label, so there is no uniform specifications. Not compatible with each other because each label, so the existing market is very small, the future is unlikely to be popular.
GE, Toshiba, Panasonic has not yet launched a remote control dimmer lighting products, believe that the competitor’s product specifications. Zhu Dachang their own ways, like the cell phone charger, Nokia, Samsung, LG, and Motorola are mutually exclusive.
(3) silicon-controlled dimmer – Electronic dimmer, remote control dimmer device costs are high, nor uniform standards, so the old silicon controlled dimmer volume slightly. Although the silicon-controlled dimming has many shortcomings, but without changing the wiring, low installation cost, performance and specifications of each brand of silicon-controlled dimmer is not very different, many of the currently selected by the LED lighting factory dimming scheme.

solar street light system and super led

Beginning of this century to start a revolution of light, and have spent over a hundred years of the incandescent lamp (Incandescent Lamp) and fluorescent (Fluorescent Lamp) is about to walk into history. In the next few years, LED lights will become the lighting (lights) and display (eg, television) mainstream. 2009, the global LED output value of about $ 7.6 billion, Japan is the output value of the first countries, Taiwan, compared with the largest output

solar street light system and super led

Taiwan semiconductor manufacturing Kingdom, also has the most MOCVD crystal growth machine. Taiwan wave of momentum in this sparkling revolution ascribed LED largest chip production host country. But like a CD-ROM of the past and present of DRAM must pay expensive royalties, LED patent subject to the foreign companies. “Smile curve” so that the profits of large foreign companies patent is much larger than the value of hard production LED.

LED brightness will decrease with increasing temperature, its life will be more acute, according to shorten. Downstream of the LED’s heat sink is mostly made in aluminum and its copper circuits are based on the adiabatic epoxy (Epoxy) separated by insulation. Epoxy resin of the thermal conductivity (0.5 W / mK) than aluminum (275 W / mK) the low hundreds of times, the LED chip generated heat is long poly difficult to loose. DTC higher than the copper heat transfer coefficient (400W/mK) DLC (500 W / mK) insulated copper wire, so you can achieve significant cooling effect (Figure 6 to Figure 14). DLC coated printed circuit board (Print Circuit Board, PCB), has been supplied to the number of Taiwan’s LED manufacturers, more production and the amount of the MSC crystal diamond companies in China.

The current white LED blue light excitation of the yellow phosphor (YAG or TAG) and complementary composition of white light. The phosphor mother (Carrier) often oxides, while the light source (the Activator) atoms for the rare earth elements (eg, Ce, Eu). Oxides for the polar compounds (Ionic Compound), it will absorb moisture and deliquesce. What is more, the light atom is too large so that the mother combined with the key can not, at a high temperature, large atom diffusion (Diffusion) and Segregation (Segregation) emitted light scattered aliasing. In addition, the concentration of light atoms in the mother’s body is not high, the phosphor absorbed luminous intensity.

Super LED’s dream come true, the phosphor can be switched to the nitride. Such as (In, Ga) N for the mother and the light source. Then adjust the In and Ga ratio can be any light color red, green, blue and their combinations, including white. This UV PL (Photo Luminescence, PL) transcended the traditional phosphors must be powder thinking Framework (Paradigm) instead plated multilayer light epitaxy by MOCVD plus on in UVLED chip can.

Conclusion
Prelude to the mainstream technology of LED light revolution, the real breakthrough is made of high-powered super LED UV light source. Diamond Island wafer as a bridge to high-pressure diamond synthesis technology and vacuum vapor-phase synthesis method combined manufactured super LED, including the diamond LEDs, AlN / the Diamond of cBN / the Diamond LED of AlN / of cBN LED and other yet to be developed the the next generation of LED products. Starting point, in-depth diamond technology leading diamond made of the world’s first island of the wafer, so that you can super-large-scale production of LED. Taiwan’s LED technology companies can develop this leapfrog technology, Taiwan’s LED industry can not only get rid of the curse of the “smile curve” to Taiwan from the silicon island to upgrade to Diamond Island.

solar street lights manufacturers and led dimmer

Lighting consumes nearly 20% of the global electricity. Compared to developed countries, a higher proportion of lighting energy consumption in developing countries. The incandescent Although cheap, but the efficiency is very low. If the overall energy saving bulbs to replace or solid-state lighting (led lights), the world can reduce the construction of more than 100-seat power plant, and reduce thousands of tons of carbon dioxide emissions each year. The European Union has plans in the 2009-2016 phase-out of incandescent; the United States is also expected to gradually disable most of the incandescent 2010-2014. Although Japan has not passed a similar legislative measures, a leading lighting brands, Toshiba has been in the March 2010 closure of its incandescent production line, ending 120 years of manufacturing light bulbs history. On the other hand, China is actively build its large-scale LED lighting industry. China, India, and Japan to ban incandescent, but also within a few years things will happen.

solar street lights manufacturers and led dimmer

Eliminated from the incandescent lamp, general household and commercial lighting energy saving bulbs, CFL and LED lighting planes a competitive situation. LED lighting and many other features beyond saving light bulbs, and therefore parties are optimistic for the lighting of choice for the twenty-first century. The advantages of LED lighting include:

LED does not contain toxic substances, energy saving bulbs have a certain amount of mercury.
Unlike the energy saving bulbs, the LED does not emit ultraviolet rays.
LED lighting efficiency and energy saving bulbs are similar, but its efficiency is constantly increased, while prices are getting cheaper.
LED lamp life several times longer than the energy saving bulbs. Matsushita Electric of Japan to claim that their LED bulbs have a life span of 19 years.
5 LED bulbs in the low temperature of -40 degrees C environment to continue its normal operation, but most of the energy saving bulbs in less than 10 degrees C, it is difficult to start or operate.

Many industry analysts predict that LED bulbs in 2015 to replace the energy saving bulbs. This view is the conclusion of the competition in other markets based on recent years, LED and CCFL products. They noted that the LED backlight CCFL backlight, mobile phones, tablet computers, notebook computers, the application has been pushed to the brink of elimination, the market experts confidently predict LED backlight CCFL backlight in the LCD TV and LCD screen will replace the 2012 applications. In this respect, beyond the CFL lighting LED lighting in five years it is reasonable to speculate.

Many engineers and companies in the LED lighting technology breakthrough achievement for us to bring this lighting revolution, we applauded them pay tribute. However, we are very anxious about the potential destroyer of the silicon-controlled dimmer will erode, or even overthrow the majority of the benefits of LED lighting revolution.

We know that the dimmable lighting energy-saving effect can be further enhanced. However, in the three main types of LED dimming lighting, silicon-controlled dimmer like a hideous monster, swallowing our efforts to develop the results obtained by the dimmable lighting.

The silicon-controlled dimmer, dimming the truncated part of the bulb of the sinusoidal alternating current waveform. As a result, the power factor of the silicon-controlled dimming light bulb is often less than 0.5. But note that the power factor is an important indicator of the power supply efficiency and power quality. The perfect power factor of 1.0. Only with the phase of the sinusoidal current, and harmonic distortion is zero, in order to achieve a 1.0 power factor. In recent years, the current waveform harmonic distortion of the electrical and electronic equipment, EN / IEC 61000-3-2 standards are very strict specification. In the past, most of the computer power supply power factor of 0.5 to 0.7. EN 61000-3-2 and other government specifications require the power of television, computers and other electrical equipment, such as the U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Star 0.9 power factor.

Furthermore, the silicon controlled dimming LED bulbs must be coupled with some capacitor snubber circuit in order to avoid the light bulbs flicker when dimming. But doing so will make the already low power factor becomes lower, often less than 0.10. At the same time, the supply line current waveform will become a series of surge current. The current waveform harmonic distortion will far exceed the prescribed limits. The author of more than three decades of experience in the electronics industry point of view, there is no any other product like the silicon-controlled dimmer, like power factor and current waveforms caused such a serious injury.

Third Chapter: Several major development trends in the led lighting industry of network marketing

Overall home lighting, one-stop lighting service

The whole-home lighting is getting popular and popular, just as the popularity of whole cabinet. The overall home lighting is the lighting service for the consumer, to provide healthy, energy-saving and stylish lighting design and planning to every places of our house, from the living room, dining room, bedroom, study, bathroom and balcony, the corridor as well. Of course, in this regard, many domestic led lighting industry brands are intended to introduce of the home one-stop lighting consumption, integrated service including commercial, home, lighting engineering, Yi Mei Lighting is one of them. Liu Dongming, Internet marketing expert, said, the overall home lighting still remain in the concept of marketing level, the one who combines the products sales and service is rare. Obviously, the concept of overall home lighting is rather vague, mostly embodied in consumer services. For most companies, the profit from after-service is meager profit, and it takes much time, labors, which needs further test.

Third Chapter: Several major development trends in the led lighting industry of network marketing

Clear brand positioning, 360-degree brand communication

The brand is an important factor affecting consumer purchase. In particular, consumers rarely listed to know LED brand, which is lacking of led lighting (led lights) industry brand communication. In the same time, it is also a good time of the formation of brand influence. Internet marketing expert Liu Dongming said when it comes to brand marketing, largely Internet marketing is not able to get rid of positioning the framework of the 4P(product, price, promotion, channels) and 4C (demand, cost, convenience, communication), but these two theories in the network context of requiring companies to be quick and strategic, but also know how to use Internet tools to spread the brand it, the courage to try the network marketing of the lighting business, including positioning, product, promotion, channels and communications.

Furniture, lighting perfect mixed up

We all know that the lighting impact on the home environment can not be ignored, while in channel terminal, the furniture industry have long been produced and lighting “mixed up” idea. Cross-industry integration  more effectively control the terminal information of the channel market. Internet marketing expert Liu Dongming said, the marriage of furniture, lighting, products, resources, strengths, and enhance corporate strength is to ensure that the brand in the industry strong Hengqiang a realistic way.

 

Analysis of circuits for LED drives

With the rapid development of LED technology, the annual sales of LED lighting products have sharply increased in recent years. In order to survive from fierce competitions, LED manufacturers from all over the world are striving to improve their products and meanwhile reduce the cost. There is no doubt that improving circuits for LED drives can reduce costs dramatically.

 With the rapid development of LED technology, the annual sales of LED lighting products have sharply increased in recent years.

Circuits for LED drives:

Some LED lighting products need to use several decades or even hundreds of LED chips, such as LED Panels, high power LED Street Lights. Cascading these LEDs require a huge output voltage from LED drivers. If designers connect them all in parallel, LED drivers have to provide a very large output current. Connecting all LED chips in single way (either in series or in parallel) is unreasonable, which will not only restrict the number of drivers but also add to their burden. One more reasonable way is mixing these connections up, half in cascade and half in parallel. This is a simple solution which can evenly distribute voltage and current on each LED chips (if they have quite similar electronic properties). However, this is not an optimal solution, since different applications require different drive circuit designs.

 

Let us think about the following scenario: if one LED chip in a series branch causes short circuit due to its bad quality, no matter of kind of driver circuit this lamp used (neither constant voltage nor constant current), the current running on this series branch will increase. All LED lights chips in this branch will be easily destroyed. In most conditions, this branch will be cut off from the entire circuit. If constant voltage power suppliers are used, the output current will be dropped, with no influence on the rest circuit. But conditions will be different for constant current power suppliers. The current will remain unchanged. When one of branches are failed to work, the output current for the rest branches will be raised. LED chips can be easily destroyed under such circumstance. An effective solution for this situation is connecting LEDs in parallel. Cutting off anyone of them will not having any effect on other components. The entire circuit still can work in a normal condition.