作者：Blade

SFC’s 2013 penalty aiming advanced LED concept

In 2012, advanced led industry emerged the rare market surging, but the more rare performance of the A-share market in 2012 Face Wang in LED Panel Light stocks get together. Following the 2012 SFC punished of LED stocks Jiawei shares communications, the Commission opened the first punishment in 2013. Throwing Nanda photoelectric Sponsor Pacific Securities and sponsor representatives to take punitive measures.

FC's 2013 penalty aiming advanced LED concept

Global economic downturn caused a decline in performance

Following after Jiawei shares, Blum Oriental, Jan. 3, the SFC informed punishing the “Changing Faces the King Keheng shares, Nanda photoelectric performance. This is also the first penalty in 2013 opened the year by the Commission.

The shares Keheng and South photoelectric performance of the company fell to explain the reason, but most people considered that it was impacted by the global economic slide.

Keheng shares explained in the three quarterly, “due to the continued downturn in the global economic situation, the downstream customers reduce a corresponding reduction in the sales volume of the company’s products, it resulted in 52.49% of the company’s revenue compared with the same period last year to reduce. ”

Nanda photoelectric explained in three quarterly, advanced led industry development is not as expected due to the impact of the European debt crisis and domestic economic growth rate down.

The penalized are due information disclosure

The SFC are more and more strict for IPO administration. From September 26 last year fined Bros, and Jiawei shares in October, now Keheng shares and Nanda photoelectric, just three months, they punished four performance the Changing Faces companies, four sponsor and eight insurance Agency.

The previously mentioned four penalties listed companies, in addition to similar fined Date, the fined reason is also the same, all are disclosed before the sudden drop in the published results because there is no good information “concealed” suspected.

The Commission thought that, the shares Keheng and Nanda photoelectric reports that in the case of the results in a larger decline, but after the major issues letter of commitment, it were not truthfully explained, nor in the IPO process in a timely manner for the appropriate supplemental disclosure.

Although it punished eight insurance on more than three months, but market participants still have to review “the punishment is still not enough. So microblogging users comment: IPO shares has been suspended three months, and it will not be accepted within three months of its documents issued by, it seems to mean that there is no punishment.

solar led in street light use

1, LED color difference problemSingle LED applications, basically there is no color issue, but many LED or put into use with lamps with multiple LEDs, color issues they highlight came first said a group of lamps, if a glance lights color inconsistencies, like LUXEON LED according to the color temperature is divided into eight Region, and then in several communities in each Region in the right, and in a certain extent, a wide range solar led of color difference control, but the same color area with a number of LED there are still differences, and this difference still can not run away naked eye provocation.

2, LED insulation problems

solar led in street light useInsulation heat dissipation substrate LED’s terms of positive and negative, to the current to remain unresolved fundamental problems mentioned here only of remedial measures, such as the aluminum substrate to deal with insulation (the initial aluminum plate is not insulated, and now almost all do) and we may find incomprehensible. single LED is not insulated, has little effect on the more stars in series when there is a problem.

3, LED anti-pulse

Due to this problem with manufacturers still controversial, do exist in the practical application, the main reaction on the cold pulse, ie the instant of power-on, a small number of LEDs in the cold state electrical instantaneous breakdown or disconnect not electrostatic or high pressure ( boot voltage is within range).

4, LED light-emitting angle

Various manufacturers of LED lens package is not even the same the emitting angle (nominal angle), the effect is not the same, making the selection of poly mask even more difficult, still to not universal.

5, LED potentially blinding risks

LED light solar led  points too concentrated to the center point of brightness super, so it is easy to hurt the eyes of the people, some lighting manufacturers to make efforts in this regard, but because of regulatory lag, only man’s moral problem.

6, LED heat problem

In theory, the G24 LED is not very fever, but due to the immaturity of the technology, the LED fever to be a well-known.

7, LED efficiency is low (light emitting rate)

LED electric conversion efficiency is too low (because there is no device to test, not given).

8 LED brightness is insufficient

Brightness is insufficient, so that the LED lighting industry can only play a supporting role, mainly used for decoration.

9, LED light fades and life

More serious from the Mainland or Taiwanese LED light fades and life, without further ado, the big-name manufacturers such as the LUXEON nominal 100,000 hours, I am afraid it is only their own psychological clearly coupled thermal solutions, good or bad, drive The matches are likely to affect the LED light fades and life 100,000 hours to just a selling point!

10, LED drive power

Most of the drive lines are borrowed from the switching power supply from, of course, a very small number of lines are devoted to the LED driver, but the effect is essentially the same, due to the the DC drive LED need to take constant current control, so that the drive line is enormous, can not be equated with electronic transformer, but the efficiency is relatively low, reaching 80% bad (single reach) In addition, the vendor for the pursuit of applicability, declared a drive with ten teeth casually pick (a two teeth ….. all OK), in fact, this is a misunderstanding, constant current, excessive starting voltage will often LED to death in an instant.

11 LED modeling limited

Makes the shape of the LED lamps LED-sided light-emitting characteristics, subject to certain restrictions.

12, the LED unit price too high

1W-3W LED must be an import of about $ 3, made to more than 10 blocks (poor quality, intellectual property rights) around about a six LED lamps  solar led  sold the hands of consumers, almost 1000 RMB Would you want to buy a color TV or buy lamps.

led driver and LED Lifespan

To energy saving LED has been a lot of promotion, but the LED power drive, good or bad will directly affect the life of the LED, and therefore how well an LED driver power supply is the most important designers of LED power . This article describes some of the LED driver power supply problem, engineers want to be able to provide a little help led driver.

A driver circuit direct impact on the LED life

led driver and LED Lifespan

We said LED driver to drive digital and analog drive two types of digital drive refers to the drive digital circuits, including digital dimming control, RGB full color changing. Analog drive refers to the analog circuitry drives, including AC constant current switching power supply, DC constant current control circuit. The driving circuit by the electronic components, including a semiconductor element, resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc., these elements have a life, failure of any one device will result in failure of the entire circuit, or part of the functions VALID. LED service life of 5-10 million hours count 50,000 hours of continuous light, nearly six years of life. The life of the switching power supply is difficult to achieve for six years, switching power supply available in the market, the warranty period is generally 2-3 years to achieve power in the 6-year warranty is a military level, the price is 4-6 times that of ordinary power general lighting plant is difficult to accept. Therefore, the failure of the G24 LED lamps are mostly the fault of the driver circuit.

2, the heat problem

LED cold light source, led driver the operating junction temperature can not exceed the limit, but also leave some margin in the design. The entire lighting design to be considered beautiful appearance, easy installation, with light, heat and so many aspects of the problem, to seek a balance of many factors, so that the overall lighting is the best LED lighting development time is not long, can learn from do not have much experience, and constantly improve the lot of the design. Some LED lighting manufacturers to use the power of outsourcing or outsourcing, the lighting designer on the power supply do not know much about the LED space for heat dissipation, heat to power less space led driver. Generally designed lamps, and then find the right power to bring some difficulty matching This gives the power of supporting. Often encounter less space inside the lamp or the internal temperature is high, and low cost control, and can not be assigned to the appropriate power. Some LED lamp factory power research and development capabilities, evaluate in the early design lighting, power supply design simultaneously, and will be able to solve the above problems. Consider the heat dissipation of LED heat dissipation and power to be integrated in the design, the overall control of the temperature rise of the lamp, so as to design better lighting.

led smd down lights in shop applications

China’s National Development and Reform Commission since released the “China phased out incandescent roadmap” the roadmap requirements from October 1, 2012, prohibit the import and sale of 100 watts and above ordinary incandescent lighting, and is expected from 1 October 2016 date, banned the import and sale of 15 watts and above ordinary incandescent lighting, which means ordinary incandescent lighting has been phasing out the dust settles. With the gradual disappearance of incandescent, LED lights  led smd gradually emerge as a new force of energy conservation and environmental protection and well known.

led smd down lights in shop applications

In view of the rising price of fluorescent powder, ordinary energy costs continue to rise, and the upstart LED lights as the lighting gradually into the public view. Since the inception of the LED lights, constantly upgrading its brightness gradually from the G24 LED into the field of LED lighting. LED Downlight slowly from the high-end lighting upstart into the new darling of the application market.

The downlight general used in shopping malls, offices, factories, hospitals and other indoor lighting, installation is simple and convenient for people to love. LED Downlight inherits all the advantages of traditional downlight, heat a small, power-saving and long life and minimal maintenance costs. The early LED Downlight LED lamp beads expensive, the overall cost is very high not acceptable for customers. With the LED downlight chip price reduced cooling technology for LED downlight into the commercial field and laid a solid foundation.

LED Downlight LED lamp bulb downlight housing, as well as power. Downlight lamp beads should be used such as single 1W High Power LED lamp led smd beads, small power should not be used as 5050,5630 lamp beads, small power LED lamp bead brightness is bright enough and light enough strength, and the LED downlight general irradiation vertical distance of 4-5 meters, small power light is strong enough that not enough ground light intensity, and high-power lamp beads, especially the larger integrated light source light intensity became LED downlight manufacturer first. Commonly used high-power lamp beads such as single 1W lamp beads, made Downlight 1W, 3W, 5W, 7W, 9W, the largest general can be made 25W If using a high-power integrated solution can also do higher power.

Decided downlights life mainly of three parts: LED lamp beads led smd, LED heat dissipation the design of the shell, LED power. LED lamp beads manufacturers decided life LED downlight quality chip manufacturers.

 

led display user manual

With the increasing development of LED display industry in China, in the streets of the major cities, LED large screen display gradually increased up people’s consumption level is also growing, LED lighting has been gradually applied to the daily life of the family, LED electronic display not only enhance the image of the city the G24 LED also enrich the cultural life of the people in this regard reflects the pace of development of the LED industry is so fast, while we enjoy the economic benefits of LED electronic screen, with LED electronic display businesses not fully understand LED electronic screen operation and use Notes to lead to shorten the life of the LED electronic display.

Switch LED electronic display Notes led display:

1, the switching sequence:

When the opening screen: first boot after the opening screen.

Off screen: first off the screen after shutdown

(First turn the computer off screen, high bright spot will cause the screen body, led burned lamp, the consequences are serious.)

2, switch screen time interval must be longer than 5 minutes.

 

Computer engineering control software before opening screen energized.

4, to avoid opening screen, because the system’s impact current state of the all-white screen.

5 opening screen, to avoid out of control, because the maximum inrush current of the system.

A computer does not enter the control software and other procedures;

B computer is not powered on led display;

C control part of the power is not turned on.

6, when the ambient temperature is too high or poor cooling conditions, led lighting should be careful not to open the screen for a long time.

7, body part appears very bright and his party, should pay attention to timely off-screen electronic display, the opening screen for too long in this state.

8, often display the power switch trip, to screen body shall promptly check or replace the power switch.

9, checked regularly articulated at the firm. Any loosening pay attention to timely adjust, to reinforcement or update hanging.

10, according to a large-screen display screen body, the control part of their environment and avoid insect bites, necessary to place the anti-rat poison.

Second, the control portion changes, changes Note

1, computer control part of the power cord to zero, the fire can not reverse should be in strict accordance with the original position plug. If any peripherals connected after, you should test the chassis is live led display.

, Mobile computer control equipment, the power should first check the join line, the control panel for loose phenomenon.

3, can not tamper with the communication line, location, length of the flat connection line.

4, mobile if found abnormal short circuit, the trip, the burn line, smoke appeared, should not be repeated energized test, you should find the problem in a timely manner.

Third, the software operating Precautions

led display user manual

Software backup: WIN2003, WINXP, applications, software installation program, database, it is recommended to use a key to restore the software is easy to operate.

Master installation methods, raw data recovery, backup.

3 master control parameter settings, the basis of the data pre-modification

4, familiar with the procedures, operations, and editing.

5, regular inspection, remove the extraneous data

6, non-full-time staff, do not operate the software system.

led gu10 spotlights design

The rapid development of LED technology, the rise of the light efficiency, LED spotlights technology is also fast development. The LED spotlights in almost alternative to traditional halogen-based. Compared with traditional lamps, LED spotlights has significant advantages in energy saving and long life. With the lower cost of LED spotlights, LED spotlights gradually began to spread. This article from LED spotlights technical requirements, specifications and types of common LED spotlights, LED spotlights structure, LED spotlights to buy common sense, and LED spotlights the direction of development of these aspects do brief reflection led gu10.

LED spotlights technical requirements

led gu10 spotlights design

LED spotlights at this stage, mainly to replace traditional halogen-based, most of the relevant safety requirements reference traditional lighting requirements, and in accordance with the characteristics of the LED lights to form a safety certification standards. Currently, in LED spotlights certification, the international community is mainly to European CE and UL certification in North America-based, voluntary certification (CQC) in China.

CE certification contains LVD and EMC, LVD is executed in accordance with the EN60968 standard (will be upgraded IEC 62.56 thousand); perform EMC according to EN55015, EN61547, EN61000-3-2 and EN61000-3-3 standard. In addition, LED lights are usually also need additional reference to IEC 62471, light biosafety testing. In North America, it is usually required UL safety and FCC EMC certification. UL implementation of standards UL1993, UL8750 and UL1310; FCC implementation of standards for the FCC PART15 Subpart B. In China, LED spotlight is a voluntary certification (CQC), perform standard GB24906-2010 (safety) and GB 17743-2007 (electromagnetic compatibility).

In addition, the performance of LED spotlights, there are many other standard requirements. U.S. Energy Star (ENERGY STAR) related requirements; energy certification requirements in China, perform standard of CQC 3129-2010. These requirements are the color temperature of the LED spotlights led gu10, color rendering index, initial luminous flux, luminous efficiency, lumen maintenance, life, center light intensity, nominal power, power factor, and product identification provisions.

The life of many electronic products based on broken to judge, but the LED is a long-life light source can be used for a long time are not bad. But the output of the light flux with time and attenuation, so the industry, generally light decay to 70% of the necessary time to define the life of the G24 LED light source, i.e. L70 is. With advances in technology, the LED light fades more and slow to complete test light fades to 70% of the time it is difficult to do. Exponentially due to the life of the electronic product, the LED is usually done shorter aging, by sampling the light decay data, and then to the exponential function to the projected light decay to 70% of time led gu10.

led driver in LED Lighting Industry

Semiconductor lighting source (here mainly refers to the G24 LED light source) now has quantities into the lighting field, but still a lot of problems, mainly energy efficiency, reliability, quality of light and color, as well as cost. About the content involved in energy efficiency and the quality of light and color is very rich, such as visual comfort, intelligent dimming control, we will not describe this. This article will discuss the major technical issues need to be resolved, attributed to the “three high and one low, high light efficiency, high color rendering, high reliability and low cost technical problems, and achieve low-cost essentially technical problems led driver. Solve the four major technical problems, need to take a series of measures in the semiconductor lighting industry chain, such as the adoption of new technologies, new structures, new processes, new materials, only mentioned here should take the technical route and direction, we want to product innovation in the LED business help.

How to achieve high light efficiency

led driver in LED Lighting Industry

Semiconductor lighting light efficiency, or energy efficiency is an important indicator of the energy-saving effect. LED device luminous efficiency the industrialization levels up to 120 ~ 140lm / W, and made the overall energy efficiency of the lighting can be more than 100lm / W. This is not high, the energy-saving effect is not obvious value of 250lm / W there is a great distance away from the theory of optical efficiency of semiconductor devices. To achieve true high light efficiency, related to all aspects of the industry chain to solve the technical problems, mainly to improve the internal quantum efficiency, external quantum efficiency, encapsulated optical efficiency and luminaire efficiency, epitaxy, chip, package, lamps several a link to solve the technical problems.

1. Improve the internal quantum efficiency and external quantum efficiency

Take the following measures to improve the internal quantum efficiency and external quantum efficiency.

(1) surface roughening, and the non-polar substrate

 

Using nanometer FIG type substrate, the alignment type the FIG type substrate or non-polar, semi-polar substrates growth GaN reduce dislocation and defect density and polarity field influence, improve internal quantum efficiency led driver.

(2) generalized homogeneous substrate

Using HVPE (hydride Liquid Phase Epitaxy) grown on the sapphire substrate Al2O3 GaN, as a mixed homogeneous substrate GaN/Al2O3 of, based on this epitaxial growth of GaN-, can greatly reduce the dislocation density of 106 to 107cm-2, and greatly improve the internal quantum efficiency. Nichia, Cree and China, Peking University in research and development.

(3) improvement of the quantum well structure

Control the patterns of change and the change amount of the In composition, to optimize the quantum well structure is to improve the electron and hole overlap probability, increasing the radiative recombination probability, and adjusting the non-equilibrium carrier transport, etc., to improve internal quantum efficiency.

(4) The new structure of the chip

The new structure requires the chip hexahedral light uses a new technology, a variety of surface roughening at the chip interface, reducing the probability of photon is reflected at the chip interface, and increase the surface transmittance, in order to improve the chip the external quantum efficiency led driver.

 

lumiere led in 2013

2012 will soon be over, and this year for the LED industry can be described as mixed, although in many countries, including China, have begun to prohibit the sale of incandescent, LED lighting sales and scheduled the outbreak, but there has been the closure of many lighting manufacturers chain storm Overall, however, there are manufacturers wreathed in smiles, earn pours LED market this year is a normal adjustment year for the LED lighting market in 2013, with the replace the 40-watt (W) incandescent LED bulbs retail minimum The price has reached $ 10 sweet spot of industry have been optimistic about the overall LED lighting market is expected next year to go warm lumiere led, so the industry to do now is to do a good job of technical reserves and program selection, just waiting for the market outbreak devote. Here, combined with Power Integrations, several major LED manufacturers to talk about the latest release of the new 2013 LED lighting solutions four trends.

lumiere led in 2013

The dimming technology challenges facing the LED lighting applications, very large, due to LED lighting to use more current drive mode, dimmer multi-voltage dimming considerable challenges in compatibility, however, this is also to distinguish the the program merits of a weapon, LED dimming solution in the past, the common dimming range, suddenly lights dimming lumiere led, dimming flashing, seriously affect the user experience, but With the PI and other company-specific programs launched G24 LED dimming is expected to solve, PI latest LYTSwitch IC has excellent dimming performance can be achieved, even in low conduction angle can easily reach NEMA startup speed of SSL6 standards, another of the drive is very fast, usually less than 500 milliseconds, even if 10% of the amount of light output is turned on its startup speed is also fast, the actual program, the use of the bulb LYTSwitch IC design able to off almost the same as when dimming the angle of conduction, which virtually eliminates suddenly become brighter. Furthermore, the dead zone in the SCR light is eliminated, this is because the LYTSwitch controller can ensure that when the dimmer is a start working immediately dimming. In this regard, the PI-called proprietary circuit technology from dimming curve, PI program does advantages are obvious.

single-stage circuit architecture gradually occupy the mainstream
In the previous program, in order to obtain better dimming characteristics, many solution providers adopt the two-tier structure, namely PFC (power factor correction) + isolated DC / DC converter architecture, this design can effectively reduce power pattern wave, because the designers believe that the single-stage PFC circuit ripple is too large, the fear arising from the life of LED luminous efficiency and color temperature, therefore, the use of two-stage circuit more, and now, with the single-stage high switching frequency the launch of the program, the advantages of the single-stage circuit is very obvious, because in terms of efficiency, two-stage circuit is difficult with a single-stage confrontation, several vendors can be a single-stage program to do more than 92% efficiency, two-stage circuit lumiere led, usually Only about 85% efficiency.

 

led gu10 special base standard

As LED technology continues to mature and costs continue to decrease, LED spotlights have been widely applied to a variety of places. The development and popularization of LED spotlights facing many problems, how to develop a cost-effective LED spotlights, how to solve the heat dissipation problem of high-power, high flux LED spotlight, how to achieve modularity and interchangeability of LED spotlights, how to fully embody the LED Tubes long-life, high luminous efficiency led gu10, controllability characteristics, so that people enjoy the colorful lighting and access to more affordable, more secure and reliable LED products, also requires the joint efforts of the manufacturers and industry professionals.

Maturing security certification

led gu10 special base standard

Mostly refer to the traditional lighting LED spotlights the safety requirements, and based on its own characteristics, and the formation of a set of safety certification standards.

Most of the safety requirements of the current LED Spotlight reference to traditional lighting, and according to the characteristics of the LED lights to form a safety certification standards. Currently, in LED spotlights certification, the international community is mainly to European CE and UL certification in North America-based, voluntary certification (CQC) in China.

CE certification contains LVD and EMC, LVD is executed in accordance with the EN60968 standard (will be upgraded IEC 62.56 thousand); perform EMC according to EN55015, EN61547, EN61000-3-2 and EN61000-3-3 standard. In addition, LED lights are usually also need additional reference to IEC 62471, light biosafety testing. In North America, it is usually required UL safety and FCC EMC certification. UL implementation of standards UL1993, UL8750 and UL1310; FCC implementation of standards for the FCC PART15 Subpart B. In China, LED spotlight is a voluntary certification (CQC), perform standard GB24906-2010 (safety) and GB 17743-2007 (electromagnetic compatibility) led gu10.

In addition, the performance of LED spotlights, there are many other standard requirements. U.S. Energy Star (ENERGY STAR), energy certification requirements (implementation of standards for CQC3129-2010), these requirements are LED Spot color temperature, color rendering index, initial luminous flux, luminous efficiency, lumen maintenance life, the center beam intensity, nominal power, power factor, and product identification provisions.

Life is damaged in many electronic products to be judged, but the LED is a life-long light source, use a long time are not bad. Since the output of the luminous flux attenuation over time, so the industry, generally light decay to 70% of the time required to define the life of the LED light source, which is L70 is. With advances in technology, the LED light fades more and slow to complete test light fades to 70% of the time it is difficult to do. Exponentially due to the life of the electronic product, the LED is usually done shorter aging time by sampling the light decay data led gu10, and then to the exponential function to calculate the light decay to 70% of the time.

high lumen rgb led

The visible light emitting diode (LED) to both high efficiency and long life characteristics. Currently, a wide range of their applications. Manufacturers have in-depth study of the LED devices have been developed with higher luminous flux, longer life, more colors and more lumens per watt of new devices. Accurate and cost-effective testing is essential to ensure the reliability and quality of the device high lumen rgb led.

high lumen rgb led

LED test with a different type of test sequences in various stages of production, such as the design and development phase of the test, wafer-level testing of the production process, and packaged final test. LED Tube Light test generally contains electrical and optical measurements, this paper focuses on the electrical characteristics of the analysis, the only part of the optical measurement techniques introduced in the appropriate position. Figure 1 shows a typical diode electrical I-V curve. The complete test should contain a large number of voltage values ​​corresponding to the current operating point, but under normal circumstances, a limited number of sample points sufficient to test the quality factor of the device.

 

Figure 1. Typical LED DC I-V curve and test point

Many tests required to provide a known current and measuring voltage, while some tests need to provide the voltage and then measuring the resulting current. Therefore, the high-speed test instrument with an integrated, synchronized source and measurement functions such testing is ideal rgb led.

Forward voltage testing

Forward voltage (VF) test test the LED test sequences, visible LED forward voltage. When the load a forward current in the diode, it begins conduction. Beginning at low current, the voltage drop on the diode rising rapidly, but as the driving current increases, the voltage slope begins to flatten. Diode generally work in a relatively constant voltage region. Diode tested under these working conditions is also very useful. The VF testing need to provide a known current and then measuring the resulting voltage drop in the diode. Typical test currents ranging from several tens mA to a few amps, while the size of the voltage generated is usually in the range of a few volts. Some manufacturers use the results of this test sorting devices, because of the color of the forward voltage of the LED related products (by color or complementary color wavelength and its purity common characterization of color qualityrgb led).