作者：Blade

solar street light system and super led

Beginning of this century to start a revolution of light, and have spent over a hundred years of the incandescent lamp (Incandescent Lamp) and fluorescent (Fluorescent Lamp) is about to walk into history. In the next few years, LED lights will become the lighting (lights) and display (eg, television) mainstream. 2009, the global LED output value of about $ 7.6 billion, Japan is the output value of the first countries, Taiwan, compared with the largest output

solar street light system and super led

Taiwan semiconductor manufacturing Kingdom, also has the most MOCVD crystal growth machine. Taiwan wave of momentum in this sparkling revolution ascribed LED largest chip production host country. But like a CD-ROM of the past and present of DRAM must pay expensive royalties, LED patent subject to the foreign companies. “Smile curve” so that the profits of large foreign companies patent is much larger than the value of hard production LED.

LED brightness will decrease with increasing temperature, its life will be more acute, according to shorten. Downstream of the LED’s heat sink is mostly made in aluminum and its copper circuits are based on the adiabatic epoxy (Epoxy) separated by insulation. Epoxy resin of the thermal conductivity (0.5 W / mK) than aluminum (275 W / mK) the low hundreds of times, the LED chip generated heat is long poly difficult to loose. DTC higher than the copper heat transfer coefficient (400W/mK) DLC (500 W / mK) insulated copper wire, so you can achieve significant cooling effect (Figure 6 to Figure 14). DLC coated printed circuit board (Print Circuit Board, PCB), has been supplied to the number of Taiwan’s LED manufacturers, more production and the amount of the MSC crystal diamond companies in China.

The current white LED blue light excitation of the yellow phosphor (YAG or TAG) and complementary composition of white light. The phosphor mother (Carrier) often oxides, while the light source (the Activator) atoms for the rare earth elements (eg, Ce, Eu). Oxides for the polar compounds (Ionic Compound), it will absorb moisture and deliquesce. What is more, the light atom is too large so that the mother combined with the key can not, at a high temperature, large atom diffusion (Diffusion) and Segregation (Segregation) emitted light scattered aliasing. In addition, the concentration of light atoms in the mother’s body is not high, the phosphor absorbed luminous intensity.

Super LED’s dream come true, the phosphor can be switched to the nitride. Such as (In, Ga) N for the mother and the light source. Then adjust the In and Ga ratio can be any light color red, green, blue and their combinations, including white. This UV PL (Photo Luminescence, PL) transcended the traditional phosphors must be powder thinking Framework (Paradigm) instead plated multilayer light epitaxy by MOCVD plus on in UVLED chip can.

Conclusion
Prelude to the mainstream technology of LED light revolution, the real breakthrough is made of high-powered super LED UV light source. Diamond Island wafer as a bridge to high-pressure diamond synthesis technology and vacuum vapor-phase synthesis method combined manufactured super LED, including the diamond LEDs, AlN / the Diamond of cBN / the Diamond LED of AlN / of cBN LED and other yet to be developed the the next generation of LED products. Starting point, in-depth diamond technology leading diamond made of the world’s first island of the wafer, so that you can super-large-scale production of LED. Taiwan’s LED technology companies can develop this leapfrog technology, Taiwan’s LED industry can not only get rid of the curse of the “smile curve” to Taiwan from the silicon island to upgrade to Diamond Island.

solar street lights manufacturers and led dimmer

Lighting consumes nearly 20% of the global electricity. Compared to developed countries, a higher proportion of lighting energy consumption in developing countries. The incandescent Although cheap, but the efficiency is very low. If the overall energy saving bulbs to replace or solid-state lighting (led lights), the world can reduce the construction of more than 100-seat power plant, and reduce thousands of tons of carbon dioxide emissions each year. The European Union has plans in the 2009-2016 phase-out of incandescent; the United States is also expected to gradually disable most of the incandescent 2010-2014. Although Japan has not passed a similar legislative measures, a leading lighting brands, Toshiba has been in the March 2010 closure of its incandescent production line, ending 120 years of manufacturing light bulbs history. On the other hand, China is actively build its large-scale LED lighting industry. China, India, and Japan to ban incandescent, but also within a few years things will happen.

solar street lights manufacturers and led dimmer

Eliminated from the incandescent lamp, general household and commercial lighting energy saving bulbs, CFL and LED lighting planes a competitive situation. LED lighting and many other features beyond saving light bulbs, and therefore parties are optimistic for the lighting of choice for the twenty-first century. The advantages of LED lighting include:

LED does not contain toxic substances, energy saving bulbs have a certain amount of mercury.
Unlike the energy saving bulbs, the LED does not emit ultraviolet rays.
LED lighting efficiency and energy saving bulbs are similar, but its efficiency is constantly increased, while prices are getting cheaper.
LED lamp life several times longer than the energy saving bulbs. Matsushita Electric of Japan to claim that their LED bulbs have a life span of 19 years.
5 LED bulbs in the low temperature of -40 degrees C environment to continue its normal operation, but most of the energy saving bulbs in less than 10 degrees C, it is difficult to start or operate.

Many industry analysts predict that LED bulbs in 2015 to replace the energy saving bulbs. This view is the conclusion of the competition in other markets based on recent years, LED and CCFL products. They noted that the LED backlight CCFL backlight, mobile phones, tablet computers, notebook computers, the application has been pushed to the brink of elimination, the market experts confidently predict LED backlight CCFL backlight in the LCD TV and LCD screen will replace the 2012 applications. In this respect, beyond the CFL lighting LED lighting in five years it is reasonable to speculate.

Many engineers and companies in the LED lighting technology breakthrough achievement for us to bring this lighting revolution, we applauded them pay tribute. However, we are very anxious about the potential destroyer of the silicon-controlled dimmer will erode, or even overthrow the majority of the benefits of LED lighting revolution.

We know that the dimmable lighting energy-saving effect can be further enhanced. However, in the three main types of LED dimming lighting, silicon-controlled dimmer like a hideous monster, swallowing our efforts to develop the results obtained by the dimmable lighting.

The silicon-controlled dimmer, dimming the truncated part of the bulb of the sinusoidal alternating current waveform. As a result, the power factor of the silicon-controlled dimming light bulb is often less than 0.5. But note that the power factor is an important indicator of the power supply efficiency and power quality. The perfect power factor of 1.0. Only with the phase of the sinusoidal current, and harmonic distortion is zero, in order to achieve a 1.0 power factor. In recent years, the current waveform harmonic distortion of the electrical and electronic equipment, EN / IEC 61000-3-2 standards are very strict specification. In the past, most of the computer power supply power factor of 0.5 to 0.7. EN 61000-3-2 and other government specifications require the power of television, computers and other electrical equipment, such as the U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Star 0.9 power factor.

Furthermore, the silicon controlled dimming LED bulbs must be coupled with some capacitor snubber circuit in order to avoid the light bulbs flicker when dimming. But doing so will make the already low power factor becomes lower, often less than 0.10. At the same time, the supply line current waveform will become a series of surge current. The current waveform harmonic distortion will far exceed the prescribed limits. The author of more than three decades of experience in the electronics industry point of view, there is no any other product like the silicon-controlled dimmer, like power factor and current waveforms caused such a serious injury.

Third Chapter: Several major development trends in the led lighting industry of network marketing

Overall home lighting, one-stop lighting service

The whole-home lighting is getting popular and popular, just as the popularity of whole cabinet. The overall home lighting is the lighting service for the consumer, to provide healthy, energy-saving and stylish lighting design and planning to every places of our house, from the living room, dining room, bedroom, study, bathroom and balcony, the corridor as well. Of course, in this regard, many domestic led lighting industry brands are intended to introduce of the home one-stop lighting consumption, integrated service including commercial, home, lighting engineering, Yi Mei Lighting is one of them. Liu Dongming, Internet marketing expert, said, the overall home lighting still remain in the concept of marketing level, the one who combines the products sales and service is rare. Obviously, the concept of overall home lighting is rather vague, mostly embodied in consumer services. For most companies, the profit from after-service is meager profit, and it takes much time, labors, which needs further test.

Third Chapter: Several major development trends in the led lighting industry of network marketing

Clear brand positioning, 360-degree brand communication

The brand is an important factor affecting consumer purchase. In particular, consumers rarely listed to know LED brand, which is lacking of led lighting (led lights) industry brand communication. In the same time, it is also a good time of the formation of brand influence. Internet marketing expert Liu Dongming said when it comes to brand marketing, largely Internet marketing is not able to get rid of positioning the framework of the 4P(product, price, promotion, channels) and 4C (demand, cost, convenience, communication), but these two theories in the network context of requiring companies to be quick and strategic, but also know how to use Internet tools to spread the brand it, the courage to try the network marketing of the lighting business, including positioning, product, promotion, channels and communications.

Furniture, lighting perfect mixed up

We all know that the lighting impact on the home environment can not be ignored, while in channel terminal, the furniture industry have long been produced and lighting “mixed up” idea. Cross-industry integration  more effectively control the terminal information of the channel market. Internet marketing expert Liu Dongming said, the marriage of furniture, lighting, products, resources, strengths, and enhance corporate strength is to ensure that the brand in the industry strong Hengqiang a realistic way.

 

Analysis of circuits for LED drives

With the rapid development of LED technology, the annual sales of LED lighting products have sharply increased in recent years. In order to survive from fierce competitions, LED manufacturers from all over the world are striving to improve their products and meanwhile reduce the cost. There is no doubt that improving circuits for LED drives can reduce costs dramatically.

 With the rapid development of LED technology, the annual sales of LED lighting products have sharply increased in recent years.

Circuits for LED drives:

Some LED lighting products need to use several decades or even hundreds of LED chips, such as LED Panels, high power LED Street Lights. Cascading these LEDs require a huge output voltage from LED drivers. If designers connect them all in parallel, LED drivers have to provide a very large output current. Connecting all LED chips in single way (either in series or in parallel) is unreasonable, which will not only restrict the number of drivers but also add to their burden. One more reasonable way is mixing these connections up, half in cascade and half in parallel. This is a simple solution which can evenly distribute voltage and current on each LED chips (if they have quite similar electronic properties). However, this is not an optimal solution, since different applications require different drive circuit designs.

 

Let us think about the following scenario: if one LED chip in a series branch causes short circuit due to its bad quality, no matter of kind of driver circuit this lamp used (neither constant voltage nor constant current), the current running on this series branch will increase. All LED lights chips in this branch will be easily destroyed. In most conditions, this branch will be cut off from the entire circuit. If constant voltage power suppliers are used, the output current will be dropped, with no influence on the rest circuit. But conditions will be different for constant current power suppliers. The current will remain unchanged. When one of branches are failed to work, the output current for the rest branches will be raised. LED chips can be easily destroyed under such circumstance. An effective solution for this situation is connecting LEDs in parallel. Cutting off anyone of them will not having any effect on other components. The entire circuit still can work in a normal condition.


Second Chapter: Several major development trends in the led lighting industry of network marketing

Low-carbon energy-saving lamps, green led lights marketing

Low-carbon economy has become the development direction of all walks of life. The lighting industry, of course popular energy-saving light source, led lighting industry become the new darling of the lighting industry. Shanghai World Expo. Guangzhou Asian Games major venues in the lighting system, highlights the rapid development of the lighting industry. Europe, America, Japan and South Korea launched by countries of  out of incandescent, energy saving lamps, LED lamps, the popularity of programs are being implemented. China is also developing new light in the street lights and interior lighting. The green lighting is changing people’s concept of lighting. “Two sessions” further clarified the low-carbon, the implementation of the national low-carbon subsidies, home lighting industry has ushered in new opportunies for development. Internet marketing also draw support from the green marking trend, in order to play a greater advantage.

Second Chapter: Several major development trends in the led lighting industry of network marketing

Knowledge of marketing, let me tell you quietly

In a network environment, the nature of the market has undergone profound changes, manufacturers and consumers can chat directly through the network for information exchange, commodities trading. The marketing will become more diversified, personalized and though market segmentation. And the consumer’s behavior also have some changes. Consumers will be more extensively involved in the marketing process. Consumer behavior will become more rational, individualized. Liu Dongming Internet marketing mentioned that the led lighting industry is still relatively scarce industry. The public are lacking of LED knowledge, which is a good opportunity for LED industry marketing. In the name of the company to publish LED literacy, timely and properly respond to customer issues, and receive customer e-mail and customer make the right reply, enhance customer understanding of lighting products are to enhance customer retention and brand awareness in order to motivate an effective means of consumption.

Communication to be good by social media

The communication method between Lighting businesses and consumers are very different. The traditional  marketing model may only need a customer service hot line, site service can be carried out through the service network. But the network marketing companies need to understand three points: First,  how the consumers know your brand and products, second, how to let them to buy your products, third, how to make the consumer for the dissemination of positive information. These need to constantly sum up and continue moving forward.

 

 

specifications of led and led street light

In recent years,  a lot of suppliers in Taiwan and the mainland China are planning also a lot of LED demonstration road works case, for the LED lights industry into the power of technology to continue to grow.

specifications of led and led street light

2008 LED street lights 45Lm / W luminous efficiency, and progress to the end of 2009 the factory is now published 80Lm / W luminous efficiency of the lighting standards Regardless of 80lm / W luminous efficiency product quality, whether it can be notice by the end of 2008 the CNS15233 the standard specifications, but also because of the timely support of the Governments of expanding domestic demand, the luminous efficiency of LED lamp products in advanced from all walks of life, fought to enter the LED street light industry, which makes the R & D capabilities, significant progress, I believe in In the near future, the luminous efficiency of LED street lights can progress to completely replace the traditional form of the existing high pressure sodium street light.

All LED lamp products in the design of cooling the processor, generally can be summarized in the aluminum extrusion heat processor, fin-type heat processor and the heat pipe combination of heat processor, in which the aluminum heat processors are mostly processor exposed lighting appearance, this approach has the advantage in the cost of cooling the processor can be relatively cheap, especially mold development costs more competitive, but during the product development of high-wattage, weight is a must pay attention to factors, because the public regulation of the poles on the tolerance of the stress there will be certain restrictions, but also in the high-wattage products generally are using fin type radiator, or the way of the application of heat pipe design thermal treatment plant.

In addition to the heat processor R & D LED lamp structure is another important role is the power supply, because the prevailing LED products for a DC-driven light, and therefore on the manufacturers of the power supply must be customized based the development of a dedicated power supply for various styles of LED lamp products, but also have differences in accordance with national product safety norms for the adjustment of the circuit, to comply with the specification of the safety of the product re-sold throughout the world. We have the experience of the three places the case of LED street lamp project in recent years, LED lights dead lights phenomenon accounted for most of the ratio are caused by the instability of the power supply, power supply stability, will also affect the LED lights on the outdoor use, is it possible to maintain good light decay control within three years.

Secondly, the LED lights in the product development important technical threshold capacity of optical design, good lighting with light features, allows the LED street light evenly distributed in the way of the illuminated surface, Taiwan’s the NS15233 standard specification, only for street lights in a vertical 80-degree angle and 90 degree angle should be less than 30 and 10 of the glare quality requirements. On level 65 ~ 95 degree angle is greater than the specific brightness limit, the rest of the lighting technology, optical design capacity of each product, because some of the engineering case will require the road surface illuminance level limit, then a good optical design can make the light efficiency is slightly worse LED lamp products, the actual level of illuminance of the road surface was good.

Conditions of quality and reliability problems, the LED street lamp Competition to see the rest of the soft lighting to show performance, existing LED lamp products, most of them have adopted the German company OSRAM for street products, bat wings wide-angle two to light distribution design, optical design, each vendor has its own know-how and do not necessarily accept, you can still continue to try to make the street lights road lighting more to improve the efficiency.

spectra led grow light and LED PCB

1 Introduction

With the rising awareness of global environmental protection, energy saving has become the trend. The LED lights industry is one of the industries most attention in recent years. Now, LED products are energy saving, energy-saving, high efficiency, fast response time, long life cycle, and does not contain mercury, with environmental benefits and advantages. General, however, LED high power input power of approximately 20% can be converted into light, and the remaining 80% of electrical energy is converted into heat.

In general, the heat generated by LED light can not export, will make the LED junction surface temperature, thereby affecting the product life cycle, luminous efficiency, stability, and the LED junction surface temperature, luminous efficiency and life relationship, the following diagram for further instructions.

spectra led grow light and LED PCB

2, the LED thermal path

Depending on the packaging technology, the cooling method also is different from the LED variety of thermal path method can approximate Figure III indicate the:

In general, the LED grain (Die) to fight the golden thread, eutectic or flip chip way to link its substrate (Substrate of LED Die) and the formation of an LED chip (chip), then then the LED chip is fixed on the system circuit board (System circuit board). LED possible thermal path for heat directly from the air (shown in three ways 1), or by the LED die substrate to the system board to the atmospheric environment. Heat from the system board to the rate of the atmospheric environment depends on the entire LED lighting system design.

However, at this stage of the cooling of the entire system bottlenecks, mostly dominated in the heat conduction from the LED die to the substrate to the system board. Possible in this part of the cooling channels: one for direct by grains substrate cooling to the system board (Figure 3 ways 2), this thermal path, heat dissipation capability of the LED die and the substrate materials is quite important parameters. On the other hand, the LED generated by the heat will be through the electrode metal wire to the system board, in general, the use of gold thread to do the cooling by the metal wire electrode junction, more slender geometry limited (such as three way 3); Therefore, the eutectic (Eutectic) or flip chip (Flip chip) bonding recently, this design significantly reduce wire length, and a substantial increase in wire cross-sectional area, this way, by the LED electrode the cooling efficiency of the wires to the system board will effectively improve (Figure 3 way and 4 below).

Explained through the thermal path above, learned that the choice of the heat the substrate material and its LED die packages accounted for a very important part in the management of LED street lights heat dissipation, and back outline for LED heat dissipation substrate.

spotlight led flashlight and RGB LED

Do you believe, the color is actually a living: they have the Smart, can make all kinds of space, color affect our mood. However, in most people’s living space, pale or warm light, we are generally accustomed to. The new LED lights change color, that is, LED lamps with dimming, color mechanisms can produce the effect of altered space atmosphere.

spotlight led flashlight and RGB LED

LED lights change color by the capacitor step-down power supply, LED controller and G and R, B tricolor LED array. Its shape and milky white incandescent bulbs, but after the light change color automatically at a certain time interval. Back to the enclosure to issue green, yellow, green, purple, blue, red, white light. When the lights change color of the color was originally the three primary colors LED lights up two LEDs, which can issue a yellow, purple, blue (such as red, blue LED light issued by the purple light); if red, green and blue LED At the same time, when lit, it will produce white light. If the circuit can make the red, green, blue LED lights, a separate light and three-color LED is lit at the same time, issued in seven different colors of light. Outer bulb must be milky white. In order to better blending, non-transparent materials.

LED lights change color for the family birthday party, holiday parties, festive New Year to add a festive atmosphere to the festival: it can also be used for entertainment and advertising lamp, etc.. For example, blue light halo off the 6:00 in the morning, fresh and soft, warm yellow, cute pink, light green, applied to the comfortable scene. Romantic lilac people to think of wonderful memories, home or commercial space in accordance with need to match the color of the atmosphere, you do not need to change the interior decoration or lighting.

However, these lamps have a troublesome shortcomings is to control the color change of the circuit of the cost is high, the life of the drive circuit will be a problem, the industry, there are many kinds of solutions to cope with the expected in 2009 class of applications will be more and more, LED mood lighting market take-off of state in 2010.

The chief components of LED panel lights

LED lights diffusers:

LED diffuser is just a tin plate between LED LGP and the cover. It can evenly guild the light generated by LGP and evenly transmitted them to the cover. It also can be seen as a kind of shield for LGP, blocking or frosting the grid. Normally, diffusers use sheets of acrylic 2.0 or other materials like PC. Acrylic sheets have a higher luminousness but cost much less. In anti-aging aspect, PC materials have a better performance than acrylic sheets. Manufacturers for LED panel lights often take tradeoff between them, finding a suitable balance. Rich and powerful LED giants may even develop their owner LED diffusers, while small and medium sized companies still relies on other LED diffuser factories. After LED diffusers being mounted, most grids on LGP should be covered (totally unseen) and meanwhile designers still need to keep the luminousness as much as 90%. The luminousness of acrylic sheets is around 92%, while that of PC materials is around 88%. Manufacturers selected suitable diffusers materials depending on their specific needs. Currently, most LED manufacturers preferred acrylic sheets.

 LED diffuser is just a tin plate between LED LGP and the cover. It can evenly guild the light generated by LGP and evenly transmitted them to the cover.

Reflector:

Not all light can pass though LGPs and diffusers. Some of them will slip into the backside of LED panel lights. Reflectors can reflect more than 90% of backward light, which can dramatically increase the lighting efficiency.

 

Covers:

Covers for LED panel lights are usually made by aluminum alloy (1060) and also can be considered as part of cooling section. A good cover can effectively reduce the light attenuation and extend the service life of product.

 

LED derivers:

LED lighting products work under DC. They are pretty vulnerable to voltage fluctuations. Even tiny change in voltage may cause violent vibration to LED current. As we all know, LEDs need very rigid working environment – a constant current. High-frequency Derivers are typically developed for LED lighting products, using constant current power suppliers. This module has higher efficiency. PF can reach 0.95. Another module applies constant voltage/current power suppliers, which provide both constant voltage and constant current. This type of drivers have higher stabilities, but cost more than the former, and also have lower efficiency. Constant voltage/current power suppliers are mostly used in export products.


spotlight led light and down light

Although the price factor constraints widely promote the use of high power LED, high reliability, high power LED, significant savings in future maintenance and replacement costs. Colorful, and other sources can not achieve this effect. Easy to control, digital control technology, to achieve dynamic lighting effects. Compact, can be more creative lighting design. LED Downlight is embedded into the ceiling light shooting style lighting.Its biggest feature is the ability to maintain the overall unity and perfection of the architectural decoration, lighting settings destruction of the perfect unity of the ceiling art. It uses high power LED as light source, the visual effects of soft, uniform. LED is the future of green lighting products. Furthermore, LED have the advantages of energy-saving plays an increasingly important role in the development trend of the downlight light.

spotlight led light and down light

High-power LED Downlight in the early input costs to be higher than traditional lighting, but after prolonged use, the consumption of the total cost will be lower than traditional lamps. Therefore, using high-power LED Downlight in significantly superior to the traditional incandescent light. And because of the high-power LED constant current drive, no flicker, long working environment eye fatigue. High-power LED is characterized by:

1 less power consumption, high power LED: light efficiency 65Lm / W of LED is more than equal to the brightness of incandescent power consumption savings of 80%.

2 long life, high power LED: LED life up to 50000h, 24 hours of continuous light available to seven years.

3 high power LED response speed approaching nanoseconds, the dynamic of brightness and color easy to control, to achieve the dynamic change of the digital control of color.

4 high-power LED design: buildings can be a good match to achieve the effect I saw the light but not light.

5 high-power LED clean and green: no toxic metals mercury, infrared and ultraviolet radiation.

Color: different wavelengths produce different colored light, bright and saturated, no filter, the formation of red, green, and blue control is available in different colors, and can achieve the effect of full-color, gradient, and a variety of colors.

High-power LED to replace the incandescent light source showed the advantages of energy saving and long life incandescent and some other traditional light sources in many technical aspects of room for improvement is very small, the LED lamps to replace or replacement of existing lighting halogen bulbs in the downlights, light bulbs, gas discharge, incandescent light bulbs, luminous efficiency of LED downlights improve the efficiency of traditional lamps, but, due to the higher initial purchase cost, compared with fluorescent lamps, energy saving lamps, the energy saving effect is not very clear.