作者：Blade

t12 led tube parameters

1. forward operating current If:
It refers to the normal light of the light emitting diode forward current value. Should be selected in the actual use of IF in 0.6 IFm below.

2. forward operating voltage of the VF (t12 led tube) :
The operating voltage is given in the parameter list in a given forward current. Generally measured at IF = 20mA. Light-emitting diode forward voltage VF 1.4 ~~ 3V. VF will drop in outside temperature.

3. V-I characteristics:
The relationship between voltage and current of the light-emitting diodes, the forward voltage is less than a certain value (called the threshold), the current is very small, non-luminous. When the voltage exceeds a certain value, the forward current with voltage is quickly increased, light.

4. Luminous intensity:
Luminous intensity of light emitting diodes are usually fingering line (cylindrical LED luminous intensity on its axis) direction. In the direction of radiation intensity (1/683) W / sr, the luminous one candela (symbol cd). General LED Lights (t12 led tube) luminous intensity is small, so commonly candlelight luminous intensity (candler mcd) units.

5. LED emitting angle:
-90 ° – +90 °

t12 led tube parameters

6. Spectral half width Δλ:
It indicates that the spectral purity of the light emitting tube.

7. half-value angle θ1 / 2 and perspectives:
θ1 / 2 is the angle between the luminous intensity value of the axial intensity value half of the direction of the light-emitting axial (normal).

8. full shape:
LED light-emitting solid angle conversion point of view, also called the plane angle.

9 perspective:
Refers to the maximum angle of LED light (t12 led tube) , according to the different perspective and different applications, also known as light intensity angle.

10. half-width:
The angle of the method to between 0 ° and the maximum luminous intensity value / 2. Strictly speaking, is the maximum luminous intensity value and the maximum luminous intensity values ​​/ 2 corresponds to the angle. LED Flood light packaging technology lead to the intensity value is not the law of the maximum light-emitting angle to 0 °, the introduction of the deviation angle refers to the point of view and method of the maximum luminous intensity corresponding to the angle between 0 °.

11. Maximum forward DC current IFm:
Allow plus the largest positive DC current. Than this value can damage the diode.

12. maximum reverse voltage VRm:
Allowed plus the maximum reverse voltage. Exceeds this value, the light emitting diode may be breakdown.

13. working environment topm:
The light emitting diode to a working ambient temperature range. Below or above this temperature range, light emitting diodes will not work properly, the efficiency is greatly reduced.

14. allow power Pm:
Allow the addition of the LED at both ends of a positive DC voltage and the flow through the maximum of its current product. Exceeds this value, the LED heat, damage.

 

t4 led tube and led down lights

Although the price factor constraints widely promote the use of high power LED, high reliability, high power LED, significant savings in future maintenance and replacement costs. Colorful, and other sources can not achieve this effect. Easy to control, digital control technology, to achieve dynamic lighting effects. LED Downlight is embedded into the ceiling light shooting style lighting. Its biggest feature is the ability to maintain the overall unity and perfection of the architectural decoration, lighting settings destruction of the perfect unity of the ceiling art. It uses high power LED (t4 led tube) as light source, the visual effects of soft, uniform. LED is the future of green lighting products. Furthermore, LED have the advantages of energy-saving plays an increasingly important role in the development trend of the downlight light.

t4 led tube and led down lights

High-power LED Downlight in the early input costs to be higher than traditional lighting, but after prolonged use, the consumption of the total cost will be lower than traditional lamps. Therefore, using high-power LED Downlight in significantly superior to the traditional incandescent light. And because of the high-power LED constant current drive, no flicker, long working environment eye fatigue. High-power LED is characterized by:

1 less power consumption, high power LED (t4 led tube) : light efficiency 65Lm / W of LED is more than equal to the brightness of incandescent power consumption savings of 80%.

2 long life, high power LED: LED life up to 50000h, 24 hours of continuous light available to seven years.

3 high power LED response speed approaching nanoseconds, the dynamic of brightness and color easy to control, to achieve the dynamic change of the digital control of color.

4 high-power LED design: buildings can be a good match to achieve the effect I saw the light but not light.

5 high-power LED clean and green: no toxic metals mercury, infrared and ultraviolet radiation.

Color: different wavelengths produce different colored light, bright and saturated, no filter, the formation of red, green, and blue control is available in different colors, and can achieve the effect of full-color, gradient, and a variety of colors.

High-power LED  (t4 led tube) to replace the incandescent light source showed the advantages of energy saving and long life incandescent and some other traditional light sources in many technical aspects of room for improvement is very small, the LED lamps to replace or replacement of existing lighting halogen bulbs in the downlights, light bulbs, gas discharge, incandescent light bulbs, luminous efficiency of LED downlights improve the efficiency of traditional lamps, but, due to the higher initial purchase cost, compared with fluorescent lamps, energy saving lamps, the energy saving effect is not very clear.

t5 high bay fixture LED metal package

Common substrate types of rigid printed circuit boards (PCB), high thermal conductivity coefficient of aluminum plate, ceramic substrates, soft printed circuit boards, metal composite materials. Low-power LED Lights package with PCB version of the ordinary for the electronics industry to meet the demand, but more than more than 0.5W LED packaging (t5 high bay fixture) are mostly switched to the metal lines and ceramic high heat dissipation substrate, mainly due to the cooling of the substrate LED life The performance has a direct impact on the package substrate is a very important component in the design of high brightness LED products application.

t5 high bay fixture LED metal package

In the process of the general electricity into light, nearly 80% turn to the heat.  We rely on the heat sink for cooling. In fact, a lot of heat in so small space does not burn particles, but it makes the light more and more weak, which is commonly referred to as the light fades. Only the heat out fast, the light fades before the smaller.

The thermal expansion and dimensional stability of three of the application advantages of LED Tubes components (t5 high bay fixture)  listed below:

1, heat
At present, a lot of double sided, multilayer density, power, heat dissipation is difficult. Conventional PCB substrates such as FR4, CEM3 are poor conductor of heat insulation layer, the heat does not go out. Electronic equipment does not rule out local heating, resulting in the high-temperature failure of electronic components, metal-based printed circuit board can solve this thermal problem.

2, the thermal expansion
Thermal expansion and contraction is the common nature of the material, the different substances CTE (Coefficient of thermal expansion) coefficient of thermal expansion is different. The PCB is resin + reinforced materials (such as fiberglass) + complexes of copper foil. XY axis direction of the board, the PCB coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 13 to 18 PPM / ℃, 80 to 90PPM / ° C in the plate thickness Z-axis direction, the CTE of copper of as 16.8PPM / ℃. Sheet of ceramic chip carrier CTE of as 6PPM / ℃, PCB plated hole wall and connected to the insulated wall in the Z-axis CTE is a big difference, the heat generated can not be immediately removed, thermal expansion and contraction so that the through holes cracking disconnect, such machinery and equipment is not reliable.

SMT (surface mount technology) to make this issue more prominent, the problem must be solved. Surface mount interconnect is achieved through the direct connection of the surface of the solder joint, the CTE of the ceramic chip carrier 6, while the FR4 substrate in the XY CTE of 13 to 18, therefore, mount connector solder joints due to different CTE long  (t5 high bay fixture) withstand the stress can lead to fatigue fracture.

3, the dimensional stability

Metal based PCB, apparently size than the insulating material PCB is much more stable. Printed circuit board of aluminum, aluminum sandwich panel, heated from 30 ℃ to 140 to 150 ° C, the dimensional changes of 2.5 to 3.0%. The metal base circuit board with excellent thermal conductivity, good machining performance and strength, good electromagnetic shielding performance, good magnetic performance. Product design follows the semiconductor conduction mechanism, and therefore not only the thermal conductivity of the metal circuit board (metal PCB): aluminum plate, copper substrate has good thermal conductivity, heat dissipation. And the green environmental protection, both to solve the heat problem to solve environmental problems.

t5 high bay fixtures drivers

LED backlighting in portable products, the status can not be shaken, even of large-size LCD backlight LED Lights began to challenge the CCFL (cold cathode fluorescent lamp), the mainstream position; in the lighting field, LED as the semiconductor lighting the most critical components with energy saving, environmental protection, long life, maintenance-free, and many other sought after by the market. The drive (t5 high bay fixtures) circuit is an important part of the LED Panel (light emitting diodes) products, in terms of lighting, backlight or display board areas, the choice of the drive circuit technology architecture should be a specific application to match.

t5 high bay fixtures drivers

LED light-emitting principle  (t5 high bay fixtures) is that it ends with a positive voltage, the semiconductor minority carrier and majority carrier complex, and release excess energy, causing the emission of photons. The main function of the LED driver circuit to convert AC voltage constant current power supply, in accordance with the requirements of the LED devices to match with the voltage and current of the LED. LED driver circuit to meet the safety requirements, and other basic functions should have two aspects:

First, as far as possible to maintain constant current characteristic, especially in the power supply voltage of ± 15% change should still be able to maintain the output current changes in the range of ± 10%. Using LED  (t5 high bay fixtures) as a display or lighting or backlighting, the need for constant current drive, mainly due to:
(1) to avoid the drive current exceeds the maximum rating, affect its reliability.
(2) to obtain the desired brightness requirements, and to ensure that each LED brightness, color consistency.

Second, the drive circuit should be kept lower power consumption, so as to enable the efficiency of the LED Street Light system to maintain at a high level.
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) technology is a traditional way of dimming it using a simple digital pulse repeatedly switch the LED driver, the system need only provide a wide, narrow different digital pulse, you can simply change the output current, so as to adjust the brightness of the LED. The advantages of the technology is able to provide high-quality white light, and the application of simple, high efficiency, but a fatal flaw is prone to electromagnetic interference, and sometimes will produce the human ear can hear the noise.

led street light bulb technology development status and difficulties

1、The LED street lamps light has small decline, the decline in one year is less than 3%, even it used for 10 year, it is still can not reach the road illumination requirements. Therefore, LED lights when using the power of design can be lower than the high pressure sodium.

2、led street light bulb can be automatically dimming, and can achieve in meeting the different times of lighting requirements, the maximum possible reduction in power to save energy.

3、LED is a low-voltage DC devices. The single drive LED voltage is a safe voltage, so it is safer than the use of high voltage power supply, especially in a public place. DC characteristics of the LEDs are particularly suitable for combination with solar energy.

4、Each unit of LED die is only a small volume, so the device can be fabricated into various shapes, and it is suitable for variable shock environments.

5、long life: the theoretical life expectancy is more than 50,000 hours.

6、the LED can be frequently switch without worrying about its damage.

7、easy installation: directly to the led street light bulb poles to replace the original sodium lamp.

8、excellent thermal control: it can make LED junction temperature drops below 70 ° C . Withe the development of technology, the junction temperature still go further decline. In theory, the chips life will be longer.

9、the quality is reliable: the circuit power supply used in all high-quality components. Each LED has a separate over current protection and a string parallel protection, even if one is damaged, it will not lead to other LED chip failure.

10、LED light source does not contain toxic metals mercury, unlike the high pressure sodium or metal halide lamps which contain environmental harm.

However, recently, having heard the views of many experts and scholars, they think that the technology is not mature to replace high pressure sodium lamps. The main reasons are listed below:

1. LED luminous efficiency can not be compared to high pressure sodium.

2. The exposure of led street light bulb is too centered, so it has poor uniformity.

3. LED street lamps light has a serious decline, so life is not long.

4. LED street light weight is too heavy, so it is not easy to install.

5. High cost of LED street lights, so it is difficult to be universal.

 

t5 high bay fluorescent and navigation mark light

Beacon lights (navigation mark light), a class of traffic lights to ensure that ships in the night safe navigation installed in some beacon. It issued the provisions of a light color and flash frequency during the night, to achieve the required illumination angle and visibility distance. Beacon lights are fixed beacons, light buoys, lightship and the lighthouse of four kinds. Fixed beacons, light buoys and light vessels for navigation and warning beacons. The lighthouse at sea day and night issued identifiable signal for the ship to determine the site and provide hazard warning to ships.

t5 high bay fluorescent and navigation mark light

LED navigation light (t5 high bay fluorescent) is generally promoted in recent years a new beacon, is increasingly being recognized the great importance of the maritime sector. Rational selection and proper use of LED Lights navigation light is very important. In addition to the LED light source used in the plane applications of beacon lights, bridges and culverts standard and rotating lights, the more LED beacon light (t5 high bay fluorescent)  ring to the application. At present, the world beacon manufacturers defined the parameters of the LED beacon light is still used in the exit surface of the light intensity and the vertical divergence angle of the two indicators.

LED the monomers device as a light source applications, usually with a certain angle of perspective, to ensure that the light intensity within the established range of perspective, perspective other than the intensity attenuation of the light intensity / viewing angle characteristics curve, LED monomer The device is a directional light source, rather than the full 4 solid angle space to the point light source, LED device manufacturing ring to beacon lights and LED Tubes, the lens is different from the ordinary point light source lens.

For the LED ring to beacon lights, LED (t5 high bay fluorescent)  is a special light source. LED monomer devices with a small optical lens. The lens to the point light source on the semiconductor chip clustered into a certain solid angle of the beam, in nominal solid angle, the nominal output light intensity. Comparison of LED lens ring to beacon lights and traditional single-lens cone Philippine Cornell beacon of light, the difference between the former focus is in the center of the lens, while the latter is in the luminous circle.

LED street bulb technology development status and characteristics

LED street bulb is an important part of the city lighting. Traditional street lights often use high pressure sodium lamp, high pressure sodium lamp overall polishing efficiency disadvantage of causing a huge waste of energy, therefore, the development of new highly efficient, energy saving, long life, high color rendering index, environmental protection street lights have great significance. With the implementation of the “Ten City, 10000” pilot work, many of the traditional lighting companies have entered the field of led lighting. Industrial restructuring and upgrading the curtain has been opened.

LED street features:

The difference between high-power LED street bulb and conventional high pressure sodium street is that high-power LED street light with low voltage DC power supply, power Gan-based blue LED and yellow phosphor synthesis of highly efficient white light diodes, lighting emitting diodes based on semiconductor PN junction formed with weak electricity will be able to light-emitting and efficient solid-state light source in the forward bias voltage and injection current injected into the P region holes and into the N region of the electronic spread to the active region by radiative recombination the emitted photon energy directly into light energy.

LED street bulb technology development status and characteristics

As the light source, LED street bulb has many advantages compared with traditional street light.

1、LED street light itself has a point of light, no light diffusion to ensure that light efficiency.

2、LED street lamp has a unique optical design, LED street light shines on the required lighting area, namely the road, further improve the light efficiency in order to save energy.

3、The efficiency of the LED light source currently has 100lm / W, but there is still much room for development, the theoretical value can reach 250lm / W. The luminous efficiency of high pressure sodium lamp with the power increase the overall light efficiency LED lights than high pressure sodium.

4、The light color of the LED lights are higher than high pressure sodium lamp. color rendering index of high pressure sodium lamp is only 23 or so, while the LED LED street lamp color rendering index can reach 75 above, from the perspective of visual psychology to consider, in order to achieve the same brightness, the LED street bulb degrees average can lower 20% than the high pressure sodium lamp(refer to the UK road lighting standards); Moreover, in the middle of the visual level, the human eye than the low color temperature environment in the high color temperature environment is more easily identified to avoid the occurrence of certain dangerous state.

t5 high bay lighting for solar application

With the development and progress of solar photovoltaic technology, solar cells as a new energy, first applied in the civilian aspects of the lighting. The solar LED lighting products is the next generation of green lighting products, and its main components, including solar photovoltaic cells (PV) and semiconductor lighting (LED Lights). LED solar lights integrated solar photovoltaic and LED solid state lighting the advantages of solar LED lighting systems (t5 high bay lighting) to achieve the perfect combination of a new generation of energy and a new light. However, in the design of solar lighting, involving light, solar battery systems, battery charge and discharge control of a number of factors, any part of a problem will result in product defects.

t5 high bay lighting for solar application

A first look at solar lighting composed of:
The key lies in solar photovoltaic technology and LED lighting a perfect combination of both direct current, low voltage and can be matched. The combination of the two do not need the solar cells produce direct current into alternating current, thus greatly improving the efficiency of the entire lighting system. The same time, by means of network technology or the use of battery charge and discharge energy, to make it more obvious advantages.
1, solar panels
2, the charge and discharge controller
3, the battery
4, the load
5, shell lamps

LED panel temperature characteristic is not good, the temperature rises 5 ° C decreased by 3% luminous flux, summer should pay attention to.

The operating voltage discrete, the same model, same batch of LED operating voltage has some differences, and should not be used in parallel. Must be used in parallel, you should consider are flow.

Ultra bright white LED  (t5 high bay lighting)  color temperature is 6400k to 30000k. At present, the low color temperature and ultra-bright white LED is still not yet entered the market, manufactured with super bright white LED solar lawn lights ability to penetrate the relatively poor, so pay attention to the optical design.

In summary, the solar cell is a huge PN junction, which convert solar energy into electrical energy. LED  (t5 high bay lighting) is another possible electrical energy is converted to light of the PN junction, the conversion efficiency has been improving, I believe will soon be able to reach the standard of energy-saving lamps, life can be but can reach more than 100,000 hours, this is the true meaning of The green lighting.

t5 high bay lights and LED Flexible Neon

LED flexible neon tube now, is the most popular of a LED (t5 high bay lights) breakthrough product, its appearance in order to compensate for the lack of glass neon tube and fiber, which completely be replaced. LED Neon Flex is a specialized linear light decoration products, although the exterior looks no different from ordinary neon, but it can be bent, crushing and waterproof, can be used in indoor and outdoor.

Relative glass neon tubes, flexible neon tube with the following advantages:

t5 high bay lights and LED Flexible Neon

A traditional neon investment is large, complex process, high voltage, and the inert gas has a lot of inconvenience. LED Flexible neon using the new structure and LED Lights technology, specially designed PVC shell package on the bright LED bulbs, the use of unique optical technology and know-shell design, and not only increase the light intensity and uniformity, and delivery process improve production efficiency.

2, high-brightness light source is the use of imported high brightness LEDs (t5 high bay lights)  in series 80LED / m or 90LED / m encryption arrangement of the overall light-emitting the fundamental guarantee of effectiveness and high brightness.

3, longevity and durability:
Makes this section lights based on LED High bay technology (t5 high bay lights) , the new structure, to achieve ultra-long service life of 100,000 hours in any case, the relative glass neon, and their durability goes without question, because there is no need to consider the glass neon broken (PVC plastic lamp body)

4, the energy conservation:
Flexible whole body lights with more than 70% of the energy conservation energy consumption costs.
Glass neon 26.25W / M flexible quintana with lights, 4.7W / M (R, Y, O) 6.6W / M (G, B, W)

5, the use of traditional neon transformer upgrade to 220V voltage 15000V stimulate the inert gas in the glass tube along the outline of the font pattern of monochromatic light, two colors, you need two sets of glass tube. The font is too large, the middle of the stroke does not shine; too small, too complex, the processing does not come out. Flexible neon voltage only 24V, only the distribution of low-calorie, installation can also be cut to any length, and bent into different shapes (can be bent to a radius of only 4cm circle), and is easy to use specially designed tracks with different materials surface mount together, such as wood, plastic, steel, or wall, at the same time into different shapes according to the needs of the designer’s design and decoration.

6, security:
Unlike glass neon, its normal operation needs the high voltage of 15,000 V, while the flexible whole body lights with 24V low voltage can also be operating normally, coupled with its shockproof, low heat, its use is extremely safe.

t5 led fluorescent tube in led lighting

LED industry has recently been rapid development in the world, especially the decorative lighting is in full swing, widely used in the floor, body contour, bridges, squares and other municipal lighting projects, as well as hotel, KTV, the hotels, playgrounds and other places of entertainment . LED lighting products (t5 led fluorescent tube) main components: LED light emitting diode, PCB circuit board, housing. These materials constitute the main body of lighting products, the basic decisions of the material quality of lighting products.

t5 led fluorescent tube in led lighting

Following the selection of the three materials do a brief description of the impact of lighting products.

1, LED Lights Emitting Diode
The brightness of the light emitting diode is determined by the brightness of the LED chip and light body package outline, its life is determined by the working environment and quality of the LED chip. Special note here is that the LED chip LED lighting products  (t5 led fluorescent tube) used in the standard sizes are generally as follows: red, yellow, 12mil, blue, green 14mil, but also useful for 8-10 mil chip. Different sizes of chip brightness, but their life is completely different, because the unit area of ​​chip over power the greater the shorter its life, which is the same brightness light-emitting diodes price is not the same reason.

2, the PCB board
Direct impact on the circuit board as the carrier of the light source lamp life and failure rate. LED lighting products, electronic circuit on the PCB, its material and processing technology will directly affect the product quality and life expectancy. Circuit board material is divided into a full glass, half glass, cardboard, three kinds. LED lighting products, standard materials should be full fiberglass panels, such as the use of semi-fiberglass or cardboard single panel post-weld quality and moisture, the ability of anti-aging and electrical will be greatly reduced.

3, Housing
Housing of LED Tube  (t5 led fluorescent tube) as light mixing layer and the protective layer of lighting products, but also affect the effectiveness and life of the lamps. Now used in engineering plastics, general PC (polycarbonate), its anti-aging, anti-UV, the impact effect is best. Also useful for PMMA (acrylic), and its weather resistance a little bit weak and brittle fragile. The PC material is colorless and can be processed according to the need to add a different color agents of different colors of the PC tube. Commonly used PC tube is transparent and milky two. Transparent tube brightness than the milky, milky white color mixing is better than the transparent tube.