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Analysis of LED dimmers

There are many difficulties and problems in LED dimming technology. Scientists and technicians tended to find solutions and breakthrough from dimming methods of other traditional lighting technologies, like incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, to design appropriate LED dimmers. The current major dimming methods of traditional lights are Triac dimmers, electronic dimmers, remote control dimmers (IR or RF) and other dimmers for commercial purposes. In the next section, we will do some analysis and comparisons among these dimming technologies, see which one will be more suitable for LED dimmers.

Using electronic dimmers must change the wiring of lamps (generally, wall switches are only connected to the AC wire, unavailable to provide power to other electronic circuits), increasing the construction costs. Remote control dimmers are embedded with intelligent electronic circuits which can provide multiple advanced features, like RGB dimming technologies, etc. However, remote control dimming method also has disadvantages: compared with other dimming methods, remote controllers are much more expensive and easier to lose, not suitable for public places. Worse still, both electronic dimming method and remote control dimming method require dimmers from the same manufactures or producers, since they should be matched up in the same specification. That led lights to an embarrassing situation that products from different factories are incompatible with each other. Thus the currently market is very small and unlikely to widely spread.

Triac dimmers need not to change the circuit, which dramatically reduce the cost. Besides, functional variations among dimmers from different manufactures are ignorable. Triac dimmers are more popular in European and North America. Thus, in the process of replacing incandescent lamps by with LED lighting applications, matching between SCR dimming technology and dimmers is a must-be-solved problem. LED dimmers using SCR dimming method is a hot topic in the current market. But SCR dimming technology also has a lot of inadequacies:

1) The power factor will drop with the reduction of brightness of lamps.

2) Efficiency will deteriorate during the dimming process, since reducing brightness lead to the insufficient of the load, the premature closure of SCR, and consequently the unstable working conditions of lamps (flickers). In order to solve the flicker problem, usually bleeder or dummy load will be added into circuits.

To grasp led industrial technological innovation(2)

3, technological innovation have three key areas

On the technological innovation area, there are three areas represented repeatedly mentioned, which should cause the industry to particular concern: First, thermal, optical, lens and other infrastructure, cutting-edge research, technological innovation, which is the basis for led industrial development; followed by is the specification, the interface related work. Specifications Interface determines interchange ability between products, large-scale promotion of the market; Furthermore is the intelligent solution, which is to increase the LED key link of the value-added LED lights advantage.

4, how to realize equipment nationalization and popularize to the market?

The localization of the equipment, especially the localization of MOCVD equipment is a symbol of the strength of the national core technology. At present, China has a number of successful R & D MOCVD prototype, but the ideal performance of the market-oriented is not good. Remove the pre-Fund invested to purchase domestic equipment, late debugging applications will consume a lot of energy and time. To let domestic equipment popularize to market need to increase support for efforts from all levels, and also requires the equipment and technology to fully integrate, it will effectively meet the needs of led industrial products to market. Because foreign equipment usually have a good combination with the production process, domestic only simply produce equipment. It is out of the process requirements, so can not optimize thousands of parameter.

5, how to break the patent shackles in LED household lighting?

The core upstream patent is missing, export enterprises to circumvent patent risk, so they usually chosen chip products of foreign countries and China’s Taiwan region. First, countries should intensify research and development efforts, and patented breakthrough in all aspects, such as a silicon substrate. State Key Laboratory should also improve patent sharing mechanism, common technology patent purchase to ensure that the interests of developers, patent sharing. Furthermore, the enterprise or higher levels should also be obtained through the purchase, cooperation, exchange and more patent licensing. Secondly, every year, a lot of good patent were given up automatically, the Union should increase the importance on small price, and then the appropriate way to share. Finally, the core enterprise must have its own unique technology, the industry should form a free brand proud atmosphere, the Union should be encouraged to increase its own brand enterprises.

To grasp led industrial technological innovation(1)

Industry is inseparable from the progress of technology innovation, while enterprises must be the subject of technological innovation. It is the development of any industry that they must face the common proposition, semiconductor lighting industry is no exception. Small and scattered, and the scale of China’s enterprises, the led industrial common key technologies research and development platform are missing. How to play technological innovation principal position, matching patent environment to achieve common key technological breakthroughs?

How to strengthen research in close cooperation, and effect co-ordination of the upstream and downstream, to form a complete chain of technological innovation? How to scientifically conduct demonstration application, to solve the problems of system integration innovation, technology and market seamless? These are the key for our country to become a semiconductor lighting industry and innovation powerhouse in next three to five years.

1, the above technology is an error-oriented market concerns
After nearly 10 years’ development, China’s semiconductor led lights technology has made great strides, and the products already have a cost advantage, but the upstream technical aspects still keep 10% – 20% gap compared with international standards. The state should give enterprises more support for technological innovation link. LED, as a new type of high-tech industries, technological progress has been the first impetus to led industrial development. At present, however, the industry’s attention on the market are much higher than the technology, the price war is the key to business survival, this is an error-oriented, immature technology products damage the LED’s image in the minds of consumers. The industry is still necessary to strengthen the technical R & D, high quality, high value-added products to win market share.

2, how to play the dominant position of enterprise technology innovation?
Enterprises are the mainstay of technological innovation. But compared with international companies, Chinese enterprises are generally weak in internal R & D capabilities; But the technology is the outcome of market and the conversion rate is low. How to play the dominant position of the enterprise, the development of enterprises. the key problem for market needed is that there is an urgent need to address the problem. In addition, you want to seize the technological high ground, but also the need for outdoor led landscape lighting industry to concentrate superior resources to the construction of public R & D platform.

The led industrial situation shall be faced

2012, the led industrial is still uncertain, “the low-price competition, declining profitability, price confusion” are the key words that can not be evaded. How to fundamentally change this situation? An entrepreneur said: “for the led yard lighting industry, the government’s policy support is very important, but more important, as a corporate itself to really practise internal organs well, in particular, the helm who and how truly sustainable development, technological innovation, and focus on quality and differentiated development at all levels to enhance their competitiveness and promote the sound development of industry is the real protection.

1, focusing on the development of differentiation ”
Upstream chip companies homogenization of competition is very serious. the difference is very small, technically we are basically in a relatively narrow range of competition, which is not opened. This situation need to change, if it does not change, the disorderly competition, price competition is inevitable, which is not sustainable development. Especially from epitaxial silicon industry, a great need for innovative ideas, the formation of differences in the technical route and cost control.

2. practising internal organs, and to produce products well.

led industrial this year is a very special year, the prices have been changing, and has also been lowered, corporate earnings are on the decline. Being facing with such an environment, enterprises should be how to deal with the uneven quality of the products, the price confusion, vicious competition? First, we should depend on doing their own work, practising internal organs, and to produce products well. If the products are not good, and technology is not be prominent, it is dangerous to the survival of the enterprise.

3, the dispersion of the technology, resources urgent need to integrate

led lights industrial enterprises have five thousand, Zhejiang, at least have more than a thousand. So many companies but it is a multi-but not strong, but not strong scattered, each enterprise technology resources are dispersed. Compared with Japan, South Korean companies, their number is limited, but a very strong. Our strength is very scattered, then large enterprises compared with others is also a district team, up a county brigade limited resources. So, from the government level, it is necessary to consider how the introduction of some resource integration policy, and to make the industry bigger and stronger.

The rated high brightness led is not enough caused memory homogenization fightting the price

40 watt LED lights is only spent 25 yuan, the same wattage incandescent only needs 2 yuan. Incandescent can be eliminated, and the LED lights up, which is a trend, but it does not like the five national ministries whol require as quickly and comprehensively. On the one hand, incandescent relative to the price advantage of the high brightness led, there are still short-term; On the other hand, the LED lighting business “homogenization, that price” sales strategy cast a shadow over prospects for the domestic market.

“Notice on the progressive ban on the import and sale of general lighting incandescent, according to five national ministries since October 1 this year to ban the import and sales of 100 watts and above ordinary incandescent lighting. Reporter visited the Shanghai Pudong New Area Hengda building materials market and found that although the “purchase incandescent client is not a lot”, yet various lighting stores also are equipped with incandescent lamps of 100 watts and above “100 watt incandescent 2.5 yuan each.

LED lamps compare with incandescent light, the greatest development force is energy saving and environmental protection advantages. However, as the costs are too high, resulting in high prices than traditional lamps a few grades, allowing consumers really willing to consume, the need to further decline is prices.

“40 watt high brightness led lamp is 25 yuan only, the same wattage incandescent is 2 yuan.” One shop sales staff said, although the price of LED lamps has continued downward trend, yet the real to reach consumers’ bottom line, still will take some time.

Experts said the high price is certainly a drag on sales of LED lights, which is a major culprit in the doldrums, but the public popularity of LED lamps have no improvement, which is also one reason. Talking about the LED, a lot of people will only think of the LED display, TV, but do not know to the original LED lighting can also be used, we may find this very strange, but this situation is very common. Even if part of an understanding of the LED energy-saving lamps, but the understanding is not comprehensive. Seeing high brightness led lights are just look at the power and price of the relevant parameters and they do not understand the relative specifications.

United States indicate: led lightings can inhibit urban crime

Criminal psychology–the general term for the influence and domination of crime perpetrators from various mental activities or psychological factors. The criminal mind is the intrinsic motivation of the crime and the dominant power。 It is the crime Criminal Minds external performance. The movie “Criminal Minds” (Criminal Minds) is a psychological suspense thriller drama, a group of elite pooled analysis of the country’s most intractable the comic crime cases criminals psychology and predict their next step before they once again have violence action.

The American Austin City Police Department and Austin Energy Energy Board cooperation protect the residents of the city.Since a significant increase in violent crime rate in mid-2011, the two institutions plan fitted with led lightings, the prevention of crime in the U.S. city of Austin, the three most dangerous locations.

Austin Energy spokesman Carlos Cordova, announced that a well-lit place is usually not an offense where there has been committed, because when you want to do bad things and nobody seen.

In accordance with the requirements of the city’s Police Department, Austin Energy erected 25 LED lights. The new LED bulb and high quality LED Flood Lights illumination is brighter than the old bulbs. Cordova said under good lighting environment, people can be assured of recreational activities, and no need to worry about security issues.

Austin, 8th and 9th of the street lighting test results are very successful, this lighting project is one of a series of policies against urban crime. The growth of violent crime by 15 percent from 2011 to January 2012. But until July, violent crime only grow by 7.8% next city a larger project, 70,000 lamps will be updated by Austin Energy budget expenditures.

It is reported that this new led lightings products can reduce the crime rate. Among each countries, the earlier start to use is Japan, called LED guard against light, which has been gradually applied in street alleys to replace fluorescent lamps mainly traditional street lights.

In addition, studies have pointed out that the blue light can make people more calm, and some of the LED light will also guard against taking blue, white separate configuration.

The semiconductor future lighting ferret saving potential

The semiconductor lighting ferret saving potential

According to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Sandia National Laboratory, lighting energy consumption dataccounting for 8.9% of global energy consumption, accounting for 19% of the total electrical energy consumption contribution to GDP was only 0.63%. If general future lighting use semiconductor lighting products, the 2050 lighting electricity consumption is expected to maintain the 2005 level, and contribution to GDP ratio will rise to 1.63%. Semiconductor lighting industry as the new industry, it not only led lights to the development of related industries, creating new market demand, but also its wider application will greatly reduce the total electrical energy consumption to achieve energy savings.

China’s annual lighting electricity consumption is about 500 billion kwh, accounting for 13% of the total electricity consumption, accounting for 6% of the energy consumption and the annual growth rate of 5% -10% of the total electricity consumption of the whole year than the United Kingdom. LED light efficiency is much higher than traditional lighting and display light source, which showing good energy saving effect, such as 70% energy saving landscape lighting, backlight energy by 50%, 50% energy saving road lighting.

Experts predict that China’s semiconductor future lighting market share accounted for 30% of the general lighting market in 2015, the annual energy saving of about 100 billion kwh, reduce carbon emissions by 98.99 million tons, about one percentage point contribution to reducing energy consumption per unit of GDP; to market share, it can account for 50% of the general lighting market in 2020, the annual saving of about 340 billion kwh, equivalent to four total annual generating capacity of the Three Gorges Project.

The highest technical content epitaxy, chip development mainly in Europe and the United States, Japan and other developed countries, packaging applications are mainly distributed in Korea, China Taiwan and mainland China. With the accumulation of technical and financial aspects of LED manufacturers in Korea, Taiwan, and are actively to the upstream chips, epitaxial materials development in mainland China, due to the huge market prospects, and has become the hot spots of the global industrial transfer.

As technology continues to evolve at the same time, the continuous improvement of the luminous efficiency, the gradual expansion of the market, the price of LED lighting is also declining, the LED devices price of 50-60 $ /klm 2015 may be down to 1 /5. Semiconductor future lighting technology and its products forward higher luminous efficiency, lower cost, more reliable, more diversified field of development and wider application of direction.

LED all lighting of heaven : Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro (which means “January River “), sometimes referred to as the inside about Rio.

LED Lighting Coast

Located in southeastern Brazil. In 1960, as the Brazilian capital, Is the second largest city in Brazil, Second only to Sao Paulo. Southeast Atlantic. 636 km long coastline.

is it paradise?

Christ the Redeemer watching over Rio de Janeiro

the hazy Rio de janeiro

Rio de Janeiro night

Rio de Janeiro is tropical wet and dry season climate, year-round high temperatures, dry season and the rainy season of the year. City in the port of Rio de Janeiro is one of the three major natural harbor in the world, Christ in Rio de Janeiro, such as the city’s logo, is also the world’s new seven wonders of the world.

Rio de Janeiro on October 2, 2009, to obtain the right to host the 31 session of the Summer Olympic Games in 2016.

As we all know, Rio de Janeiro, has been disabled all incandescent.
The use of low power consumption, long life, high brightness, low-calorie, environmentally friendly LED lights.

The inherent characteristics of the LED it is the ideal light source to replace the traditional light source, it has a wide range of uses.
LED is basically a small chip is encapsulated in epoxy resin inside, so it’s very small, very light.
LED power consumption is very low, in general, LED’s operating voltage is 2-3.6V. The operating current is 0.02-0.03A. That is to say: the power consumption is not more than 0.1W.
Proper current and voltage, LED life of up to 100,000 hours.
LED is made from non-toxic materials, unlike fluorescent lamps containing mercury can cause pollution, while LED can also be recycled.

The paradise city because LED lights: Rio de Janeiro.

LED technology matures gradually, 500 billion market needed R and D to support

In 1879, Thomas Edison invented the incandescent lamp, which marks the human into the era of electric lighting fire lighting. From the incandescent generation, it has been lasted more than 130 years, with the advancement of technology, the illumination light source keep the direction of more energy efficient development. In the 1930s, the Dutch scientists developed the first branch fluorescent lamps, on this basis, to the 1980s, he also has developed a compact fluorescent lamp, and quickly occupied the market with energy saving, long life and other advantages than incandescent, incandescent light has now entered the phase-out period. Since the 1940s, scientists have since developed high-pressure sodium lamps, metal halide lamps, high-intensity gas discharge lamp. Due to its high efficiency, high power density, etc., it is widely used in outdoor lighting, road lighting and commercial lighting and other fields.

In the 1960s, the U.S. Hewlett-Packard run mass production of the red LED production for the first time. After nearly half a century of development, the semiconductor light-emitting diode (LED lights)-based lighting, because of its low power consumption, long life, fast response, small size, rich colors dynamically control advantages, more and more widely used in indoor and outdoor lighting, large-size LCD backlight display, medical, transportation and other fields. After following incandescent, the fluorescent lighting technology revolution open a new era of lighting.

LED technology matures gradually

Currently, developed countries, the lighting power consumption accounts for about 20% of the total electricity consumption, energy-saving potential is considerable. In the context of today’s world energy crisis, the growing pressure on energy saving, the world’s major developed countries have to increase from the National Strategic support and attention of the semiconductor lighting to give strong support in terms of policy, such as the development of semiconductor LED technology and industrial development planning, accelerated incandescent high energy-consuming lighting source phase-out plan, the introduction of demonstration applications and promotion policy, attaches importance to and actively promote the testing and standardization process, to seize the industry dominance.

2010 METI “bulb-type LED technology included in the eco-point system to support and clearly indicate LED lighting products market share of 50% in 2015, and LED lighting products 100% market share by 2020. The South Korean government regard solar, semiconductor lighting, hybrid cars as three green growth engines, proposed to the government office lighting LED product replacement rate in 2012 that reached 30%, and to 2015 reached into the world top three semiconductor lighting industry.

Something you should know about LED dimming technology

Under such circumstances, you may probably choose to use step-down (wide voltage) constant-current sources, like using 10V-30V constant-current power suppliers to realize the LED dimming technology. However, this kind of step-down constant-current source still has defects. When the forward input voltage has been adjusted into a certain low level, the load current of LEDs will be forced down to a very low level. This would dramatically increase the entire potential (voltage) of load (LED lights), even exceeding the normal working range of this step-down constant-current source (causing flicker). Working in the low brightness conditions for a long time will decline the efficiency of step-down constant-current sources and increase the working temperature in the mean time. Since the efficiency of step-down constant-current sources has directly relations with the potential drop ratio. The larger the potential drop ratio, the lower the efficiency, and more power will be consumed, causing obvious damages to power suppliers and the service life of lighting sources.

Commonly used incandescent lamps and halogen lamps usually used SCR dimming technology. Since all of them are purely resistive devices, the input signal of these lamps are not necessarily sine waves like LED lighting devices required. The waveform of current will be indentified with the waveform of voltage forever. Thus regardless of the distortion of the input voltage waveform to a sine wave, changing the effective value of input voltage can realize the dimming effect. However, the SCR will bring unexpected problems to LED dimming technology: LC filters in the input side will bring vibrations to SCR. This vibration has no effects on incandescent lamps, since the thermal inertia them hardly can be captured by human eyes. But this vibration will exert very obvious influences on LED power suppliers, causing audio noise and flickers. Besides, SCR dimming will also destroy the waveform of sine waves, reducing the power factor (normally less than 0.5). In order words, SCR dimming dramatically decline the lighting efficiency of LED lighting systems. Sometimes, SCR dimming technology will increase harmonic coefficients, generating non-sinusoidal waveforms, which will be a serious interference to single (EM), polluting the power grid. In serious conditions, the entire power grid will be failed. Either step-down constant-current sources or SCR dimming sources are suitable for LED dimming technology. Some people may ask: what on earth type of dimming method is the most appropriate for this new lighting technology?

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作者：Blade