At present, most LED spot lighting products used embedded drivers (power suppliers). This type of lights was named as self-ballasted spotlights. The embedded drivers usually adapted switching power suppliers to realize the power on/off. These drivers can be divided into two parts: isolated and non-isolated. The first and second level of isolated power suppliers are blocked by a small electrical interlayer. In the design of LED spotlights, designers only need to consider some effective ways to isolate the first level circuit and the sell from human bodies (full protection is needed) to prevent an electric shock. While the second level circuit worked under safety voltage, only simply protections are needed. Relatively, this type of power suppliers has less risk possibility, but in the case of larger space and lower efficiency. Another type of power suppliers is non-isolated. That means between first level circuit and second level circuit, there is no isolated blocks applied. Thus this type of power suppliers required more strict protection measures. Tiny mistakes may cause serious damages. Non-isolated drivers have their advantages, such like higher efficiency, small size. There are many other LED driver techniques used in LED lighting industry. But they have lower security and reliability compared with isolated/non-isolated drivers. Besides, due to the built-in drivers, the working temperature of electrical components is higher than the normal, which will direct impact the durability and reliability of LED lights, including LED spot lighting products. In order to solve this problem, many companies adopted a way of filling plastic to improve the cooling capacity of power suppliers, and improve the thermal insulation between built-in circuits and cooling shells.
Because of the controllability of LED devices, a large number of manufacturers designed and produced dimmable LED spot lighting products. The existing dimming methods can be classified as: SCR dimming, PWM dimming, 0-10V dimming, DALI dimming, DMX51dimming and power line dimming etc. All these methods are capable of changing the brightness of LED lights by controlling the input current or input voltage of drivers.
Cooling devices are the biggest challenge for LED producers. The majority of cooling sections (heat sinks, heat fins) were made of aluminum alloy, through organic processing and molding. In the design of high-power LED spotlights, designers usually utilized heat fins.